胆汁酸对动物糖脂代谢的调控及在动物生产中的应用

Regulation of glycolipid metabolism by bile acids and its application in animal production

胆汁酸是糖脂代谢中的重要调控物质,具有乳化脂肪、促进营养物质吸收、改善肠道微生物组成、调节免疫系统的作用。胆汁酸可以通过调节肠道中的脂肪吸收、胆固醇排泄以及肝脏的胆固醇合成来影响机体的糖脂代谢。此外,胆汁酸还可以影响动物体内胰岛素的敏感性和分泌,从而对血糖水平和胰岛素抵抗产生影响。目前,关于胆汁酸的合成机制以及疾病方面的研究较为完善,但胆汁酸在动物生产中的应用还较少。胆汁酸除促进脂肪的乳化吸收外,在提高生产性能、保护肠道健康、缓解热应激、保护肝脏等方面也具有显著效果。文章从胆汁酸的合成调控、对糖脂代谢的影响以及在动物生产中的应用等方面进行综述,以期为胆汁酸的进一步的开发与利用提供参考。

Bile acids are important regulatory substances in glycolipid metabolism,which play the role of emulsifying fat,promoting nutrient absorption,improving intestinal microbial composition,and regulating immune system.Bile acids can affect the body's glycolipid metabolism by regulating fat absorption in the intestine,cholesterol excretion,and cholesterol synthesis in the liver.In addition,bile acids can also affect the sensitivity and secretion of insulin in animals,which can have an impact on blood glucose levels and insulin resistance.At present,bile acids have been well studied in terms of synthesis mechanism and diseases,but their application in animal production is still relatively small.In addition to the traditional promotion of emulsification absorption of fat,bile acids also have significant effects in improving production performance,protecting intestinal health,relieving heat stress,and protecting liver.In this paper,the synthesis and regulation of bile acids,their effects on glycolipid metabolism,and their application in animal production were reviewed in order to provide a reference for further development and utilization of bile acids.