基于三维模型的岩溶洞穴环境承载力测算及影响因子探讨——以云南宜良九乡三脚洞为例

Calculation and influencing factors of karst cave environmental carrying capacity based on three-dimensional model:a case study of Sanjiao Cave in Jiuxiang,Yiliang,Yunnan

针对现有岩溶洞穴环境承载力主题研究不足的现状,以云南宜良九乡三脚洞为例,通过TLS获取溶洞点云数据,建立精细三维模型。根据旅游溶洞规划设计要求,利用研究区安全水位线高度对初始模型进行切割和面片提取,去除安全水位线下部模型,得到旅游洞穴空间模型,准确计算游客游览空间。在此基础上,综合考虑CO_(2)浓度、热量、灯光、河流等多种洞穴环境影响因子,对传统生态环境容量法进行改进,建立基于三维模型的岩溶洞穴环境承载力数学模型,测算尚未开发洞穴的最大环境承载力,从而更好地指导岩溶洞穴开发设计。通过与传统测算方法从理论及结果进行对比分析发现,洞穴旅游环境承载力的最大限制因子是热量。根据测算结果,瞬时承载力最大相差19146人,全天承载力最大相差123189人,本文方法更加科学合理,更加符合实际情况。

In view of current situation of insufficient research on the theme of environmental carrying capacity of karst caves,Sanjiao Cave in Jiuxiang,Yiliang,Yunnan is taken as an example to obtain karst cave point cloud data through terrestrial laser scanning and establishes a fine three-dimensional model.According to the requirements of tourism cave planning and designing,the initial model is cut and extracted by using the height of safe water level in study area,and the lower model of safe water level is removed to obtain the tourism cave space model and accurately calculate the size of touristssightseeing space.On this basis,considering various cave environmental influencing factors such as CO_(2) concentration,heat,light and river,the traditional ecological environment capacity method is improved,and the mathematical model of karst cave environmental carrying capacity based on three-dimensional model is established to calculate the maximum environmental carrying capacity of undeveloped caves,so as to better guide the development and design of karst caves.Compared with the traditional calculation method,it is found that heat is the most limiting factor of environmental carrying capacity of cave tourism.At the same time,according to the calculation results,the maximum difference in instantaneous bearing capacity is 19146 people,and the maximum difference in daily bearing capacity is 123189 people.The calculation results are more scientific and reasonable,more in line with the actual situation.