不同而和的灾难观:羌族毒药狐狸研究

Outlook on Disasters from Diversity in Harmony:Research on the Qiangic Poison Fox

《羌族释比经典》中的狐狸具有打破分类、跨越边界的特征,由此成为羌民眼中的毒药狐狸。毒药狐狸一方面表明羌族社会的毒药猫不仅指向人类中的某类女性,而且包括动物狐狸,另一方面反映羌民的灾难观:其一为因果模式的禳灾思维,即通过将灾难转嫁给毒药狐狸,并以暴力驱逐毒药狐狸的方式消除灾难;其二是包容灾难,与之共存的开放心态。毒药狐狸及其所呈现的羌族地方性灾难观充实了中华民族灾难表述的方式和文化。

The fox mentioned in Qiangic Shibi Classic is characterized with breaking down classification and surmounting boundaries,thus labeled‘the poison fox’by the Qiangic people.The poison Fox,on the one hand,shows that the Poison Cat in the Qiangic society not only relates to women of the human beings,but also includes the fox as the animal.On the other hand,The Poison Fox refers to the Qiangic people’s outlook on disasters:One is a causality-based thought of ridding of disasters,namely,the Qiangic people believe that disasters can be repelled by having disasters imputed to the Poison Fox and have it expelled mercilessly;another is a tolerance of disasters which has begotten an open mind to coexist with the Poison Fox.The Poison Fox and the resultant Qiangic local outlook on disasters have enriched and filled the ways and culture in which calamities of the Chinese nation are depicted.