言者介词“凭”的语义建构和情态选择

The Semantics Structuring and Modality Collocation of Speaker-oriented Preposition“Ping”

介词“凭”是介引对某一先行言行进行评价理据的言者介词,其语法意义是“择据评行”。“凭”的语义建构过程可构拟为“择据赋值—按律得常—较行验值”三步,句法组配规律为介词选择“高值条件”和“低值条件”两类宾语,分别对应“合常”和“反常”后续小句。情态选择限制是要求介词句主语言行体现“意志自由、过程自信、结果自立”的“自主性”。从方法论角度说,“凭”的语义建构和情态选择显示了介词语义的关联性。

The Chinese preposition“ping”is speaker-oriented that introduces reason(s)for the speaker to justify an antecedent action and its grammatical meaning is“to select a reason to justify an action”.The semantics-structuring process of the word can be restructured as“select and evaluate a reason,get a norm by law of causation,and check the value by comparison”,and the semantic categories of its object are demonstrated as“high value conditions”and“low value conditions”,corresponding to the clauses as“normal”and“abnormal”.The modality collocation of the preposition is illustrated that it requires its subject to be intention-free,process-confident and result-benefit.Methodologically speaking,the semantics-structuring and modality verification of“ping”reveals the connectionism of prepositions’grammatical meaning.