有机无机肥料配施对生姜养分吸收和产量及品质的影响

Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on nutrient uptake,quality and yield of ginger

我国生姜生产中不合理施肥现象普遍,研究不同有机无机肥用量及配比对生姜生长、营养品质及其产量的影响可为生姜高效施肥和优质生产提供参考依据,同时,也是提高生姜生产效益、保护生态环境的重要措施。在大田条件下,以山东莱芜大姜(Zingiber Officinale Roscoe)为供试材料,以有机肥和无机肥为试验因子,采用2因素3水平完全区组设计,即分别设计有机和无机肥料低、中、高3种施肥水平共9组处理组合的专用肥,进行田间小区试验。所有有机肥和无机肥均作为基肥。在生姜成熟时随机采取各小区3株生姜样品,分别测定其生长参数、养分吸收量、品质指标和产量。研究发现,各种有机无机肥配施的生姜专用肥均促进生姜生长发育,提高N、P、K、Fe、Zn等矿质元素的吸收、改善生姜品质,并增加生姜产量。综合比较以T6(有机肥45 t·hm^(-2)+复合肥2.25 t·hm^(-2),即施用有机肥N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O=400.5+1390.5+1165.5 kg·hm^(-2),配施复合肥N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O=337.5+135+450 kg·hm^(-2))处理总体效果最好,是最佳肥料处理组合。与对照相比,提高了成熟期地上部和姜块N、P、K含量,分别为30.07%和25.57%、31.73%和67.68%、43.33%和62.37%;提高姜块可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、姜辣素和姜黄素含量分别为32.42%、54.15%、35.10%和49.25%;各处理生姜增产达到15.76%~66.38%。试验结果表明,有机无机肥配施可有效促进生姜生长,提高生姜养分吸收,改善姜块品质,增加生姜产量。综合考虑,以有机肥45 t·hm^(-2)+复合肥2.25 t·hm^(-2)为最佳农艺施肥方案,建议在相关地区推广应用。

The irrational fertilization phenomenon is common in ginger production in our country.Studying the effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizer dosages and ratios on ginger growth,nutritional quality,and yield can provide reference for efficient fertilization and high-quality ginger production.At the same time,it is also an important measure to improve ginger production efficiency and protect the ecological environment.Under field conditions,using Shandong Laiwu ginger(Zingiber Officinale Roscoe)as the test material,organic and inorganic fertilizers were used as experimental factors.A two-factor,three-level complete block design was adopted,with a total of 9 treatment combinations,including low,medium,and high levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers.All organic and inorganic fertilizers were applied as base fertilizers.At the mature stage of ginger,three samples of ginger from each plot were randomly collected to measure growth parameters,nutrient absorption,quality indicators,and yield.The study found that the combined application of various organic and inorganic fertilizers promoted ginger growth and development,increased the absorption of mineral elements such as N,P,K,Fe,Zn,improved ginger quality,and increased ginger yield.Comparatively,treatment T6(organic fertilizer 45 t·hm^(-2)+compound fertilizer 2.25 t·hm^(-2),i.e.,applying organic fertilizer N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O=400.5+1390.5+1165.5 kg·hm^(-2),and applying compound fertilizer N+P2O5+K2O=337.5+135+450 kg·hm^(-2))had the best overall effect and was the best fertilizer treatment combination.Compared with the control,it increased the N,P,and K contents in the aboveground part and ginger rhizomes by 30.07%and 25.57%,31.73%and 67.68%,43.33%and 62.37%,respectively;and increased the contents of soluble sugars,soluble proteins,gingerols,and curcumin in ginger rhizomes by 32.42%,54.15%,35.10%,and 49.25%,respectively.The yield of ginger in each treatment was increased from 15.76%to 66.38%.The experimental results indicate that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can effectively promote ginger growth,improve nutrient absorption,enhance ginger rhizome quality,and increase ginger yield.Considering all factors,the best agricultural fertilization scheme is organic fertilizer 45 t·hm^(-2)+compound fertilizer 2.25 t·hm^(-2),which is worth promoting and applying in related areas.