基于插值法分析施肥量和留叶数对烤烟的影响

Effects of fertilization application and leaf retention number on the type development and production quality of flue-cured tobacco based on interpolation method

为明确烤烟适宜的施肥量和留叶数,提升烟叶生产过程中的综合效益,以施肥量和留叶数为变量,采用正交试验设计,通过插值的方法分析了不同施肥量、留叶数对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状、品质性状的影响。结果表明:随着施肥量由450 kg·hm^(-2)增加至600 kg·hm^(-2),烤烟长势显著提升,产量、均价、中部和上部烟叶主要化学成分协调性评价总分逐渐提高;随着留叶数由每株16片增加至20片,成熟期最大叶面积与倒3叶面积差值逐渐增大,株形呈“倒塔形”-“筒形”-“塔形”变化。产量、产值分别提高20.8%、18.8%,上等烟率、均价分别降低7.6%、1.5%,烟叶种植净收益逐渐提高,中部和上部烟叶主要化学成分协调性评价总分均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。在烟叶生产过程中,适度提高养分供给强度,并增加留叶数,有利于提高烟叶品质,且烟农种植净收益较高。

In order to clarify the appropriate fertilization application rate and remained leaves and improve the comprehensive benefit of tobacco production,the study of fertilization application rate and remained leaves on the agronomy,economic and quality properties of tobacco leaves were analyzed by interpolation method.The results showed that,as the fertilization application rate increased from 450 kg·hm^(-2) to 600 kg·hm^(-2),the growth rate of flue-cured tobacco was increased significantly.The total score of the yield,the average price,and the coordination evaluation of the main chemical composition of the middle and upper tobacco leaves were gradually improved.As the remained leaves increased from 16 to 20 slices per strain,the difference between the maximum leaf area and the inverted trefoil area gradually increased.The shapes of plants varied from“inverted tower shape”to“cylindrical shape”to“tower shape”.Meanwhile,the yield and output value were significantly increased by 20.8%and 18.8%and top-grade rate and average price were reduced by 7.6%and 1.5%,respectively.This brings about the increasing net income of tobacco planted.The total score of the coordination evaluation in the main chemical composition in the middle and upper tobacco leaves showed a law of increasing first and then decreasing.Therefore,in the process of tobacco production,it was suggested to increase the nutrient supply rate moderately and remained leaves,which was not only conducive to improve the overall quality of tobacco leaves,but also could bring about a high net income of flue-cured tobacco planted.