南方某市公租房室内挥发性有机化合物的污染特征及健康风险研究

Study on the Pollution Characteristics and Health Risks of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air of Public Rental Housing in a City of South China

为了解新装修公租房室内空气中的污染特征及评估其环境健康风险,本研究对南方某市公租房室内挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的多组分化学物质(33项指标)进行了分析,在此基础上筛选出检出频繁、毒性较高、含量较高的典型VOCs,并讨论了其在不同功能区域、不同楼层、不同装修时间的污染特征,最后,对典型VOCs的致癌和非致癌风险进行评估。结果表明,筛选得到5种典型有毒有害化学物质,分别是苯、乙苯、间,对-二甲苯、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、甲醛;公租房装修程度越低、楼层升高、装修时间延长,污染物浓度越来越低;不同年龄人群的致癌风险评估可知,1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、甲醛的致癌风险均超过1×10^(-6),该风险值不可忽略,且年龄越小、致癌风险越大;非致癌风险评估可知,苯、乙苯、间,对-二甲苯、甲醛的非致癌风险分别为3.3×10^(-3)、9.8×10^(-4)、4.7×10^(-4)、1.99,即甲醛存在非致癌健康风险。

In order to understand the characteristics of indoor air pollutions in newly decorated public rental houses and assess their environmental health risks,this study analyzed the multi-component chemical substances(33 indicators)of Volatile organic compound(VOCs)in public rental houses in a city in southern China.Finally,the carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risks of typical VOCs were evaluated.The results showed that five typical toxic and harmful chemicals were screened,namely benzene,ethylbenzene,m-xylene,1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane,and formaldehyde.The lower the decoration level,the higher the floors,and the longer the decoration time of public rental housing,the lower the concentration of pollutants.According to the cancer risk assessment of different age groups,the cancer risk of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and formaldehyde exceeded 1×10^(-6),which risk value cannot be ignored.And the younger the age,the greater the risk of cancer.According to the non carcinogenic risk assessment,the non carcinogenic risks of benzene,ethylbenzene,m-xylene,p-xylene and formaldehyde were respectively 3.3×10^(-3),9.8×10^(-4),4.7×10^(-4),1.99,indicating that formaldehyde poses a non carcinogenic health risk.