高粱品种对小曲清香型白酒品质的影响

Effect of sorghum varieties on the quality of Xiaoqu light-flavor Baijiu

为探究高粱品种对小曲清香型白酒品质的影响,该研究对红、白高粱的理化指标及其酿造的小曲清香型白酒基酒样品的总酸、总酯、挥发性风味成分及有机酸进行分析,小曲清香型白酒样品编号分别为YLQ1(红高粱)、YLQ2(白高粱)、YLQ3(红、白高粱质量比为1∶1),利用气味活度值(OAV)筛选其特征挥发性化合物,并对小曲清香型白酒进行感官评价。结果表明,酒样YLQ1中单宁含量较高(1.16 g/100 g),而蛋白质、粗脂肪、淀粉含量差异不显著(P<0.05);酒样YLQ2中总酸、总酯含量最高(分别为1.16 g/L、1.17 g/L)。3种小曲清香型白酒中共检测出32种挥发性风味物质,其中,醇类10种,醛类6种,酸类5种,酯类9种,芳香族化合物与吡嗪类化合物各1种;特征风味化合物18种(OAV>1);对3种小曲清香型白酒风味有明显贡献的挥发性风味物质有2,3-丁二醇(左消旋)、乙醛、乙缩醛、乙酸异戊酯、戊酸乙酯、己酸乙酯。结合感官品评,糯性白高粱单粮酿造的YLQ2酒样苦味、辛辣味以及其他杂味较低,酒体绵柔感、协调感以及整体风格更好。

In order to explore the effect of sorghum varieties on the quality of Xiaoqu light-flavor(Qingxiangxing)Baijiu,the physical and chemical indexes of red and white sorghum and the total acids,total esters,volatile flavor components and organic acids of the brewed Xiaoqu light-flavor Baijiu base liquor samples were analyzed.The Xiaoqu light-flavor Baijiu samples were numbered YLQ1(red sorghum),YLQ2(white sorghum)and YLQ3(red and white sorghum mass ratio 1∶1),respectively.The characteristic volatile compounds were screened by odor activity value(OAV),and the sensory evaluation of Xiaoqu light-flavor Baijiu was performed.The results showed that the tannin content of the sample YLQ1 was higher(1.16 g/100 g),but the protein,crude fat and starch contents were not significantly different(P<0.05).The contents of total acid and total ester in the sample YLQ2 were the highest(1.16 g/L and 1.17 g/L,respectively).A total of 32 flavor substances were detected in the 3 kinds of Xiaoqu light-flavor Baijiu,including 10 alcohols,6 aldehydes,5 acids,9 esters,and 1 aromatic compound and 1 pyrazine compound each.With OAV>1 as the index,18 kinds of characteristic flavor compounds were selected.Among them,2,3-butanediol(L-racemic),acetaldehyde,acetal,isoamyl acetate,ethyl valerate and ethyl caproate had obvious contribution to the flavor of 3 kinds of Xiaoqu light-flavor Baijiu.Combined with sensory evaluation,the bitterness,pungency and other miscellaneous taste of the sample YLQ2 brewed from glutinous white sorghum single grain were lower,and the body softness,harmony and overall style were better.