南迦巴瓦峰地区野生药用植物多样性特征分析

Characterization of the Diversity of Wild Medicinal Plants in the Namjagbarwa Peak Region

目的:基于青藏高原二次科考项目对南迦巴瓦峰地区野生药用植物多样性特征及其分布规律进行了系统调查和整理,为该区域野生药用植物资源的保护管理、发掘利用及传统医学和制药产业发展提供科学资料。方法:通过野外实地调查、标本采集鉴定与文献资料查阅等方法,对研究区域内药用植物进行了种类构成、生活型组成、分布区类型等方面的分析比较。结果:该区域有药用植物141科556属1 023种(含变种);物种组成以寡种科(2~5种)最多,占总科数的37.59%;生活型以草本药用植物居多,占总种数的58.56%;在草本药用植物中,又以多年生草本植物为主,占总种数的49.76%;入药部位最多的是全草类,其次是根及根茎类;该区域药用植物区系分布特点表现为以热带分布为主,且有热带向温带过渡的趋势;民族药有109科345属508种,占该区域药用植物的总数近一半。结论:南迦巴瓦峰地区野生药用植物资源丰富多样,具有浓郁的多民族地方特色。建议针对资源丰富的民族药用植物展开专项研究,制定适宜的发展策略,以便充分发挥该区域野生药用植物资源的多样性优势。

Objective:To systematically investigate and sort out the diversity and distribution of wild medicinal plants in Nangjbar-wa Peak region based on the secondary scientific survey project on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,so as to provide scientific data for the protec-tion,management,exploitation and utilization of wild medicinal plant resources in the region,as well as for the development of traditional medicinal materials and pharmaceutical industry.Methods:By means of field investigation,specimen identification and literature review,the species composition,life type composition and distribution area type of medicinal plants in the area were analyzed and compared.Results:There were 1023 species(including varieties)of medicinal plants in 141 families,556 genera.The species composition of oli-gospeciae(2 to 5 species)was the largest,accounting for 37.59%of the total family.The majority of life types were herbal medicinal plants,accounting for 58.56%of the total species.Among herbal medicinal plants,perennial herbs were dominant,accounting for 49.76%of the total species.The most medicinal parts were whole grass,followed by roots and rhizomes.The distribution characteristics of medicinal plant flora in this region were mainly tropical distribution,and there was a trend of transition from tropical to temperate.There were 109 families,345 genera and 508 species of ethnic medicines,accounting for nearly half of the total medicinal plants in the region.Conclusion:The wild medicinal plant resources in the Namjbarwa Peak area are rich and diverse,with strong multi-ethnic local characteristics.It is suggested to carry out special research on ethnic medicinal plants with rich resources and formulate appropriate development strategies to give full play to the diversity advantage of wild medicinal plants resource in this region.