陶行知艺友制与学前教育人才培养

Tao Xingzhi’s Artist-Friend System and Talent Cultivation in Preschool Education

陶行知在对艺徒制进行分析批判的基础上,提出了艺友制的学前教育人才培养方法。虽然两者都是实行教学做合一的教学方法,但不同点是很明显的:艺徒制之下的学徒存在人格得不到尊重等弊端,而艺友制下的师幼关系是朋友关系,教学过程是在友好和谐的氛围下进行的,教师以朋友的身份对婴幼儿进行指导,婴幼儿在愉快的环境中学习和成长。在学前教育人才培养过程中,借鉴艺友制的人才培养模式,与现代学徒制相结合,融入教学教法、师生关系培养及实习见习过程,可促进学前教育人才更好的岗位认同感,更强的岗位胜任力。

Based on analysis and critique of Apprenticeship System,Tao Xingzhi proposed Artist-Friend System for talent cultivation in preschool education.Although both systems emphasize the integration of teaching,learning and practicing,they are different.In Apprenticeship System,apprentices’personalities may not receive due respect,whereas in the Artist-Friend System,teachers and students are friends,teaching and learning are done in a friendly and harmonious atmosphere.Teachers take infants and young children as friends,allowing them to learn and grow in a joyful environment.By integrating the talent cultivation models of both Artist-Friend System and Modern Apprenticeship System into teaching methodologies,teacher-student relationship cultivation and the process of internship and apprenticeship,preschool education professionals’sense of occupational identity can be enhanced and their professional competence can be strengthened.