生物质基长链含氧燃料、化学品和材料的研究进展

Research progress of long chain oxygenated fuels,chemicalsand materials based on biomass

随着化石能源的枯竭以及对环境问题的重视,人们越来越关注生物质能源利用的发展。生物质基长链化合物因富含多种官能团和多种结构,在制备高值化学品方面优于短链化合物,引起了国内外学者们的关注。大量研究表明,生物质基长链含氧化合物可用来制备燃料、聚合物电解质和可降解塑料。生物质基燃料聚甲氧基二甲醚(PODE)和三丙二醇单甲醚(TPGME)具有高十六烷值和含氧量,且能与柴油很好地混溶而备受关注。聚合物电解质作为锂离子电池发展的新方向,目前更多采用石油基作为聚合物基质,而天然大分子聚合物纤维素、木质素和淀粉同样能用来制备凝胶态和固态聚合物电解质。此外,以生物质为原料制备的聚乳酸(PLA)和聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)更容易被环境中的微生物降解并不产生其他影响。概述了PODE和TPGME的制备方法和燃烧特性,天然聚合物大分子制备凝胶态和固态聚合物电解质,以及PLA和PBS的合成路径及其化学改性等方面的研究进展,为今后制备生物质基长链含氧化合物及其他高值产品提供参考借鉴。

With the depletion of fossil energy sources and the emphasis on environmental issues,people are paying more and more attention to the development of biomass energy utilization.Biomass-based long chain compounds have attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad.Because they are rich in multiple functional groups and various structures,which are superior to short-chain compounds in the preparation of high-value chemicals.Numerous studies have shown that biomass-based long-chain oxygenated compounds can be used to prepare fuels,polymer electrolytes,and degradable plastics.The biomass-based fuels polymethoxydimethyl ether(PODE)and tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether(TPGME)have attracted much attention because of their high cetane number and oxygen content,as well as their good miscibility with diesel.Polymer electrolytes,as a new direction in the development of lithium-ion batteries,are more often used as petroleum-based polymer matrices,while the natural macromolecules cellulose,lignin,and starch can also be used to prepare gel and solid polymer electrolytes.In addition,polylactic acid(PLA)and polybutylene succinate(PBS)prepared from biomass are more easily degraded by microorganisms in the environment without other effects.In this paper,we will provide an overview of the research progress on the preparation methods and combustion properties of PODE and TPGME,the preparation of gel and solid polymer electrolytes from natural polymer macromolecules,and the synthetic pathways and chemical modifications of PLA and PBS,in order to serve as a reference for the future preparation of these or other high-value products from biomass-based long-chain oxygenated compounds.