区块链技术在企业供应链管理中的应用路径及效果研究——以蒙牛乳业为例

Research on the Application Path and Effect of Blockchain Technology in Enterprise Supply Chain Management:A Case Study of Mengniu Dairy

区块链作为数字时代的新兴技术,具有开放共享、去中心化、建立信任关系、不可篡改、可溯源、全程留痕且透明等特性。区块链技术的发展给企业供应链管理带来了新的契机,但区块链技术在企业供应链管理中如何应用?其路径与效果如何?还需要进一步研究梳理。通过对蒙牛乳业的研究,分析区块链技术在企业供应链管理中的应用动因、措施、效果及实现路径。研究发现,区块链四大技术共同保障企业供应链安全有效运行,但其在企业供应链管理应用中却有着不同的路径与效果。具体而言:(1)在供应环节,分布式账本实现跨平台信息共享,理顺了信息渠道;共识机制促使企业达成共识协议,提升合作绩效;智能合约使业务可以自动执行,避免人为干预;密码学能够使供应环节的信息准确上链,提高数据透明度。(2)在生产环节,利用分布式账本和密码学能够实现生产的实时监测,使加工指标精准上链,有效完善生产流程,降低监管成本,保障产品质量。(3)在销售环节,分布式账本可以使终端客户实现实时反馈,增加客户黏性;共识机制使交易可以全网验证,避免双花交易;智能合约实现订单智能交易,加快交易速度;利用密码学可以将销售路径精确上链,实现交易追溯,保障交易安全。基于以上研究,构建了区块链技术在企业供应链管理中应用路径及效果模型,有助于拓展区块链技术理论与企业供应链理论边界范围,可为区块链四大技术在企业供应链管理中的应用提供理论指导。

As an emerging technology in the digital era,blockchain has the characteristics of open sharing,decentralisation,establishing trust relationship,tampering,traceability,leaving traces throughout and transparency.Blockchain technology brings new opportunities to enterprise supply chain management,however,how to apply blockchain technology in the enterprise supply chain management about its path and effects have not reached a clear conclusion.This paper takes Mengniu Dairy as the research object,analyzes the practical application motivation,measures,effect and path of blockchain technology in the management of enterprise supply chain.The study found that the four technologies of blockchain jointly ensure the safe and effective operation of enterprise supply chain,but its application in enterprise supply chain management has different paths and effects.Specifically:(1)in the supply chain,distributed ledger achieves cross-platform information sharing and smooth information channels.Consensus mechanism promotes enterprises to reach consensus agreement and improve cooperation performance.Smart contract enables automatic business execution to avoid human intervention.Cryptography can make the information of the supply chain accurate and improve data transparency.(2)in the production process,the use of distributed ledger and cryptography can realize real-time monitoring of production,accurate chain of processing indicators,effectively improve the production process,reduce supervision costs,ensure product quality.(3)in the sales process,real-time feedback from customer terminals under the distributed ledger increases customer stickiness,and the consensus mechanism enables transactions to be verified across the network,avoiding double-flower transactions,smart contract realizes intelligent transaction of orders,speeds up the transaction speed,and uses cryptography to accurately upload the sales path to the chain,realize the transaction traceability,and safeguard the transaction security.On this basis,the application path and effect model of blockchain technology in enterprise supply chain management is finally been constructed.The conclusion of the research not only expands the scope of the boundary between the theory of blockchain technology and the theory of enterprise supply chain,but also provides theoretical guidance for the application of the four blockchain technologies in enterprise supply chain management.