自助鼻咽灌洗采集病毒核酸样本装置的临床应用

Clinical application of self-help nasopharyngeal lavage device for collecting viral nucleic acid samples

目的探讨自助鼻咽灌洗采集病毒核酸样本装置和方法的可行性。方法选取2021年10月25日至11月30日邵阳市中心医院儿科发热门诊和呼吸内科住院部56例上呼吸道感染发热患者作为研究对象,采用前后自身对照,通过两种核酸样本采集方法对同一受试者进行核酸样本采集。使用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应方法检测分析乙型流感病毒核酸阳性率、扩增循环阈值数,记录每例采集时间。比较两种方法的阳性率、扩增循环阈值数、采集时间及诊断效率。结果两组的核酸检测阳性率、扩增循环阈值数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。自助鼻咽灌洗单个采集时间短于鼻咽拭子,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);自助鼻咽灌洗采集法和鼻咽拭子采集法两者诊断效率具有高度一致性(Kappa值=0.769)。结论自助鼻咽灌洗采集病毒核酸在临床中是可行的,不仅适用于乙型流感的诊断,同样适用于各种呼吸道感染性疾病。

Objective To explore the feasibility of the device and method for collecting viral nucleic acid samples by self-help nasopharyngeal lavage.Methods From October 25 to November 30,2021,a total of 56 patients in the Pediatric fever Clinic and the inpatient Department of Respiratory Medicine of Shaoyang Central Hospital with upper respiratory tract infection and fever were selected as the research objects.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the positive rate of influenza B virus nucleic acid and the number of amplification cycle thresholds,and the collection time of each case was recorded.The positive rate,amplification cycle threshold number,collection time and diagnostic efficiency of the two methods were compared.Results There were no significant differences in the positive rate of nucleic acid detection and the number of amplification cycle threshold between the two groups(P>0.05).The single collection time of self-help nasopharyngeal lavage was shorter than that of nasopharyngeal swabs,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The diagnostic efficiency of self-help nasopharyngeal lavage collection method and nasopharyngeal swab collection method was highly consistent(Kappa=0.769).Conclusion It is feasible to collect viral nucleic acid by self-help nasopharyngeal lavage in clinic.It is not only suitable for the diagnosis of influenza B,but also for all kinds of respiratory infectious diseases.