检验医学科住院医师规范化培训教学中临床小讲课的设计、探索与体会

Design, exploration and experience of clinical small lecture in standardized residency training of laboratory medicine

住院医师规范化培训是医学教育改革的重大举措,是医师成长的关键。临床小讲课是住院医师规范化培训教学工作的重要教学模式,是传授临床知识、培养住院医师临床思维、临床技能和实践能力、开拓临床医学专业视野的重要环节。随着住院医师规范化培训建设的进一步推进以及对检验医师培养的更深层次要求,如何更好地进行检验医学科的住培教育成为教学的关键问题。本文从检验医学科住院医师规范化培训的视角出发,以临床小讲课的目的与形式、特点、组织结构以及效果改进和评价四部分全面解读了临床小讲课指南,以讲授法案例、罕见和疑难案例、以问题为导向学习法(PBL)案例、思政教育以及翻转课堂等案例分享临床小讲课相关优秀案例经验,并对临床小讲课教学探索中的不足之处做出分析总结以及后续展望。在临床小讲课教学探索中发现,以临床小讲课为中心的检验住培教学能有效提高检验医师的循证思维能力、疾病诊治能力和学习能力,是检验医师培养中一种重要的、必要的、有效的教学模式。

Standardized residency training is a major initiative in medical education reform and the key to physicians'professional growth.The clinical small lecture is a significant teaching model in the standardized residency training.It is crucial in imparting clinical knowledge,cultivating clinical thinking,clinical skills,and practical abilities among resident physicians,as well as broadening their perspectives in clinical medicine.With the further advancement of standardized residency training and the deeper requirements for the training of laboratory physicians,how to improve the education of clinical laboratory during standardized residency training has become a key issue in teaching.Starting from the perspective of standardized residency training in the department of clinical laboratory,this article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the guidelines for clinical small lecture,covering four parts:the purpose and format,characteristics,organizational structure,and improvement and evaluation of effectiveness.It shares exemplary experiences of our department related to clinical small lecture,including teaching methods such as case-based learning,rare and difficult cases,problem-based learning(PBL),ideological and political education,and flipped classroom.Additionally,it analyzes and summarizes the shortcomings of clinical small lecture teaching exploration and provides future prospects.The study found that a teaching model centered on clinical small lecture in the training of laboratory physicians can effectively enhance their evidence-based thinking ability,disease diagnosis and treatment capabilities,and learning ability.Therefore,it is an important,necessary,and effective teaching mode in the training of clinical laboratory physicians.