红细胞膜流动性的研究进展

Research progress of erythrocyte membrane fluidity

红细胞作为血液中为数最多的一类血细胞,具有运输及免疫等重要的功能。红细胞膜容易分离提纯,因此红细胞膜通常是研究生物膜结构最好的模型。错综复杂的膜骨架结构、循环周身的红细胞,使得对红细胞膜的研究具有重要意义。红细胞膜的结构和特性与红细胞的功能表达密切相关。红细胞膜的流动性是最基本、最重要的生物物理性质,是反应细胞功能状态总和的指标,是细胞功能、活力、生长和繁殖的先决条件。红细胞膜流动性的增强或降低不仅与血液病有关,还涉及很多其他疾病。这也是近年来对红细胞膜流动性的研究逐渐增多的原因。通过查阅近20年来国内外与红细胞膜流动性相关的研究报告,本文从疾病因素、化学成分、物理因素等多个方面汇总了影响红细胞膜流动性的因素,并从膜脂质、膜蛋白、离子通道等层次归纳梳理了影响红细胞膜流动性的机制。本文通过对红细胞膜流动性的影响因素和机制进行综述,期待能够为深度挖掘红细胞膜相关的研究和临床应用提供借鉴。

Red blood cells,the most prevalent form in blood,can provide vital purposes like immunity and transportation.Since the erythrocyte membrane is simple to separate and purify,it is frequently the best model for examining the structure of biofilms.The study of the erythrocyte membrane is of enormous importance because of the intricate structure of the membrane skeleton and the movement of red blood cells throughout the body.Red blood cell functional expression and erythrocyte membrane structure and properties are tightly connected.The most fundamental and important biophysical characteristic of erythrocytes is their fluidity.This trait serves as an indicator of the totality of cellular functional states and is a requirement for erythrocyte function,vitality,growth and reproduction.Additionally,there are many additional disorders that can be affected by an increase or decrease in erythrocyte membrane fluidity,which is a progressive rise in research into this topic in recent years.This review summarized the factors affecting the fluidity of the erythrocyte membrane from disease factors,chemical components,physical factors,and other aspects,and summarized the mechanism affecting the fluidity of the erythrocyte membrane from the level of membrane lipids,membrane proteins,ion channels,and other levels,by referring to the domestic and foreign research reports related to the fluidity of the erythrocyte membrane in the past 20 years.It is anticipated that the evaluation of the mechanisms and influencing factors of erythrocyte membrane fluidity would offer references for in-depth study and therapeutic application of erythrocyte membrane.