不同参膜下人参叶片光合相关参数和产量的差异分析

Differences of Photosynthetic Related Parameters and Yield of Ginseng Leaves under Different Ginseng Films

以4年生人参为试验材料,选择6种处理条件对其进行栽培,探究不同参膜和遮荫处理下人参光合效率及产量变化,旨在寻找最佳的参膜材料和遮荫方法,为人参的优质、高产提供理论依据和技术指导。试验6个处理分别为黄膜(1号膜),生产用蓝膜(2号膜),转光纳米膜(3号膜),黄膜+75%黑色聚乙烯遮阳网(4号膜),生产用蓝膜+75%黑色聚乙烯遮阳网(5号膜),转光纳米膜+75%黑色聚乙烯遮阳网(6号膜),其中生产用蓝膜(2号膜)为对照组。在不同生育期测定光合参数,最后采收测产量,检测有效成分积累量。总的来看,人参在黄膜+75%黑色聚乙烯遮阳网处理下净光合速率最大,转光纳米膜下气孔导度较小,胞间CO_(2)浓度在每个处理间差异不显著。从产量和有效成分来看,1号膜的总产量和总平均产量最高;5号膜人参叶中总皂苷含量最高,1号膜人参根中总皂苷含量最高。综上,生产上推荐使用1号黄膜,其对提高产量和增加有效成分的积累有一定帮助,原因可能是黄膜的透光率高,增加了人参的光合作用,提高了产量,而皂苷含量的提高可能是人参为适应强光胁迫而积累了更多的皂苷。但是对于使用黄膜是否会带来人参植株早衰问题还有待研究。

Four-year-old ginseng was used as the experimental material.Six treatments were selected for cultivation,and changes in photosynthetic efficiency and yield of ginseng under different ginseng film and shading treatments were explored.This experiment aims to find the best ginseng film material and shading methods to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for high quality and high yield of ginseng cultivation.Six treatments were set up in the experiment,namely film No.1(yellow film),film No.2(blue film for production),film No.3(light-transfer nano film),film No.4(yellow film+75% black polyethylene shading Net).No.5 film(blue film for production+75% black polyethylene shading net),No.6 film(light conversion nano film+75% black polyethylene shading net),of which No.2 film(blue film for production)was the control treatment.Photosynthetic parameters were measured in different growth periods,and finally ginseng was harvested and yield was measured to analyze the accumulation of active ingredients.Net photosynthetic rate of ginseng under the treatment of yellow film+75% black polyethylene shading net was the largest,stomatal conductance under the treatment of light-transmitting nano film was small,and intercellular CO_(2) concentration had no significant difference between each treatment.In terms of yield and active ingredients,total yield and total average yield of No.1 film were the highest;total saponin content in the 5th film ginseng leaves wass the highest,while total saponin content in No.1 film ginseng roots was the highest.In summary,No.1 yellow film recommended for production can help improve the yield and increase the accumulation of active ingredients.The reason may be that high transparency of the yellow film increases photosynthesis and yield of ginseng,and the increase in saponin content may be due to the accumulation of more saponins in ginseng in order to adapt to strong light stress.However,it remains to be studied whether the use of yellow film can lead to premature aging of ginseng plants.