家国之间:抗战时期内迁民间戏班的生存之道——以厉家班为例

Between Family and Country:the Survival of the Internal Migrant Folk Troupes During the War of Resistance Against Japan——With Special Reference to the Li Family Troupe

抗战时期,民间戏曲班社云集于西南大后方。民间戏班既要进行商演以谋取生存,亦要为抗日救亡而进行公(义)演。如何协调好二者的关系,是民间戏班需要面对的重要命题。厉家班在内迁过程中,虽屡历险境,仍然以极大的热情参与各种抗战义演活动,创编新剧鼓舞民众,并有意识地将宣传与募捐融入舞台表演,体现出深沉的家国情怀。厉家班在烽火中逆势发展,得力于厉家班“严”字当头的治班制度、科学的教育理念以及班主的社会活动能力。厉家班的生命轨迹,已然超越个体戏班的价值,而成为观照战时中国民间戏剧团体命运的典型符号。

During the War of Resistance Against Japan,folk troupes gathered in Southwestern China.Folk troupes not only performed commercial performances to survive but also performed public performances to inspire the public to fight against Japan.How to coordinate the relationship between the two was an important compromise that folk troupes had to face.During the process of relocating to the inland,the Li Family Troupe faced many dangers but still participated with great enthusiasm in various performances staged to fund the war effort,created new plays to inspire the public,and consciously integrated publicity and fundraising into their stage performances,reflecting their deep feelings for home and country.The Li Family Troupe has developed against the trend in the midst of fierce competition,thanks to its"strict"class management system,scientific educational philosophy,and its leader's brilliant social activism.Its life trajectory has transcended the value of an individual troupe and has become a reference for evaluating the fate of Chinese folk troupes during the war period.