“资本的洪水期前的条件”——对马克思的“资本的原始积累”问题再考察

“Pre-Flood Conditions of Capital”:Further Investigation on Marx’s Problem of“Primitive Accumulation of Capital”

西方学术界始终逗留于“资本的现代史”视野去谈论解放、主体,一直无法寻找突破资本主义围城的出口,最终徘徊于资本逻辑派与劳动逻辑派两种话语之间。当然,这一困境也影响了汉语学术界的讨论。之所以如此,在于研究者遗忘了对“资本的形成史”的研究。通过厘清“资本的原始积累”的三重内涵:资本主义生产方式本质、资本主义科学认识论起点、新社会制度创造历史前提,可以看到,马克思的“资本的原始积累”所分析的“资本的形成史”,着重强调了资本主义本质中的“分离”与“颠倒”,以及为如何瓦解资本主义提供出路的方向,这些内涵无疑为摆脱当下资本主义批判仅仅局限于“资本的现代史”的拜物教视野、实现从批判理论提升到解放理论的研究路向提供必要的思想支撑。

The Western academic community has always lingered in the perspective of“modern history of capital”to discuss emancipation and subjectivity,and has been unable to find an outlet to break through the siege of capitalism,ultimately hovering between the discourse of the capitalist logic school and the labor logic school.This dilemma has also affected discussions in the Chinese academic community.The reason is that researchers have forgotten to study the“history of capital formation”.By clarifying the triple connotations of“primitive accumulation of capital”:the essence of capitalist production mode,the starting point of capitalist scientific epistemology,and the historical premise of the creation of new social systems,it can be seen that that Marx’s analysis of“primitive accumulation of capital”emphasizes the“separation”and“inversion”in the essence of capitalism,as well as the direction for how to disintegrate capitalism.These connotations undoubtedly provide necessary ideological support for breaking away from the fetishistic perspective of current capitalist criticism limited to the“modern history of capital”,and realizing the research direction of upgrading from a criticism theory to an emancipation theory.