重新发现教:再论教与学的关系

Rediscovering Teaching:the Relationship between Teaching and Learning Revisited

教与学正在走向统一,在此过程中有一种以学替教的倾向。从历史上看,教与学一直都是相对独立的,相比较而言,中国古代更注重学,西方古代更注重教。自19世纪末20世纪初开始,西方由教转向学。教的不断弱化与退让,可能造成的风险是使教的概念名存实亡,教的实践活动备受困扰,教与学的关系也失去了应有的独立性。从现象学角度看教与学的关系共有四种类型,每一种类型都有相应的发生过程。由此,带给教与学的实践启示是注重教的独立性地位和独特性价值,使教与学的关系超越单一的统一,走向和而不同的“和美”境界。

Teaching and learning are moving towards unity,and there is a tendency to replace teaching with learning in this process.Historically,teaching and learning have always been relatively independent.In ancient China,more attention was paid to learning,while in ancient western world,more attention was paid to teaching.Since the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century,the West has shifted from teaching to learning.The constant weakening and concession of teaching may cause the risk that the concept of teaching exists in name only,the practice of teaching is troubled,and the relationship between teaching and learning lose its due independence.There are four kinds of relations between teaching and learning from the perspective of phenomenology,and each of them has a corresponding process of occurrence.Therefore,the practical enlightenment to teaching and learning is to pay attention to the independent status and unique value of teaching,so that the relationship between teaching and learning can go beyond a single unity and move towards the realm of“Hemei”with harmony in diversity.