2002年和2012年中国城市学龄儿童血镉及其暴露风险10年变化

Blood cadmium level and the change of cadmium exposure risk in Chinese urban school-age children in 2002 and 2012

目的 评估中国城市6~11岁学龄儿童血镉水平及其暴露风险10年变化。方法 依托2002年、2012年中国居民营养与健康状况调查,按照性别、年龄、居住地等因素,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法筛选纳入具有代表性的中国城市6~11岁学龄儿童,运用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定纳入学龄儿童血镉含量,以2μg/L作为参考界值评估镉暴露状况,并根据血镉含量第95分位数的95%CI上限值估算中国城市6~11岁学龄儿童的镉暴露风险参考值。结果 2002年和2012年中国城市6~11岁学龄儿童共纳入2182名,分别为1036名和1146名。10年间学龄儿童血镉含量中位数由0.28μg/L升至0.95μg/L,而高于2μg/L的血镉超标率由1.45%增至10.47%;此外,镉暴露风险参考值由1.24μg/L上升至2.89μg/L。结论 从2002年至2012年10年间,中国城市6~11岁学龄儿童血镉水平及其暴露风险存在日益加剧的趋势。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the blood cadmium concentrations andthe related change in Chinese urban children derived from the China Nutrition and HealthSurvey 2002 and 2012(CNHS 2002 and CNHS 2012).METHODS The Chinese urbanchildren aged 6-11 years were selected according to gender,age and regional distributionusing the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method,as well as thecorresponding whole blood samples.The blood cadmium concentration was carefullydetermined by the quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and the percentage of blood cadmium over 2μg/L was subsequently estimated.Inaddition,the upper limit values of the 95%CI of the 95th percentiles of available bloodcadmium data was assessed as the threshold of cadmium exposure.RESULTS Totally,2182 Chinese urban children were included,and of these,1036 children were from theCNHS 2002 and 1146 children were from the CNHS 2012.From the CNHS 2002 to theCNHS 2012,the median blood cadmium concentration was increased from 0.28μg/L to0.95μg/L,and the percentage of blood cadmium with over 2μg/L was elevated from1.45%to 10.47%.In addition,the new estimated threshold of blood cadmium wasascended from 1.24μg/L up to 2.89μg/L.CONCLUSION The risk of cadmiumexposure in Chinese urban children aged 6-11 years was increasingly aggravated from theCHNS 2002 to the CNHS 2012.