2015年中国成年居民膳食维生素日常摄入量分布及不足率

Distribution of usual vitamin intake and prevalence of inadequatein take among Chinese adults in 2015

目的分析2015年中国成年居民膳食维生素日常摄入量分布及摄入不足率。方法数据来源于2015—2017年中国居民营养与健康状况监测,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法从31个省(自治区、直辖市)抽取298个监测点,纳入18岁及以上研究对象72231名。膳食调查数据采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法结合调味品称重法收集,利用美国国家癌症研究所建立的食物及营养素日常摄入量评估方法估计维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、维生素E和烟酸共5种维生素的日常摄入量及其分布,并参考《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2023版)》发布的中国居民膳食维生素平均需要量或适宜摄入量,估计维生素摄入不足率。结果中国成年居民的膳食维生素E、维生素C、维生素B1、维生素B2和烟酸的日常摄入量分别为27.93、77.67、0.78、0.62和13.15 mg/d。维生素摄入不足率从高到低依次为维生素B2(95.98%)、维生素B1(86.73%)、维生素C(63.70%)、烟酸(39.81%)和维生素E(21.17%)。女性维生素E、维生素C、维生素B1和烟酸摄入不足率高于男性(P<0.01),75岁及以上年龄组5种维生素的摄入不足率高于其他年龄组,农村居民的维生素C、维生素B2和烟酸的摄入不足率高于城市(P<0.01),小学以下文化程度居民5种维生素的摄入不足率均高于小学及初中文化程度居民和高中及以上文化程度居民(P<0.01),家庭年总收入<2万元居民5种维生素的摄入不足率均高于收入≥2万元居民(P<0.01),超重和肥胖组居民维生素E的摄入不足率低于正常体质指数(body mass index,BMI)组居民,维生素C和烟酸的摄入不足率高于正常BMI组居民,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。除维生素E外,整体上5种维生素的摄入不足率随身体活动强度的升高而降低。结论2015年中国成年居民膳食维生素日常摄入量偏低,维生素日常摄入量及摄入不足率在不同性别、年龄、城乡、文化程度、家庭收入水平、BMI以及身体活动强度组的分布存在差异。

OBJECTIVE To estimate the usual vitamin intake and theprevalence of inadequate intakes among Chinese adults in 2015,and to provide a scientificbasis for developing nutrition intervention strategies and measures for target populations.METHODS Data was drawn from the Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2015-2017,a nationally representative cross-sectional study.The multistage stratified wholegroup random sampling method was used to draw participants from 298 surveillance sites in31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities).Participants with no availableinformation or abnormal energy intake were excluded,and finally,a total of 72231participants aged 18 years and older were included in the current study.The dietary dataof the participants were collected by the 24-hour dietary recall method combined with thecondiment weighing method for three consecutive days.The National Cancer Institutemethod was used to estimate the distribution of the usual intake of vitamin B1(thiamine),vitamin B2(riboflavin),niacin,vitamin C(ascorbic acid),and vitamin E(tocopherol),and the prevalence of inadequate intake was evaluated based on estimated averagerequirement or adequate intake from the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes 2023.RESULTS The usual intake of vitamin E,vitamin C,vitamin B1,vitamin B2and niacinwere 27.93 mg/d,77.67 mg/d,0.78 mg/d,0.62 mg/d and 13.15 mg/d,respectively.The prevalence of inadequate intake was,in descending order,vitamin B2(95.98%),vitamin B1(86.73%),vitamin C(63.70%),niacin(39.81%),and vitamin E(21.17%).The prevalence of inadequate vitamin E,vitamin C,vitamin B1and niacinintake among females was higher than among males(P<0.01).Overall,the prevalenceof inadequate vitamin intake increased with age.Rural residents had a higher prevalenceof inadequate intake of vitamin C,vitamin B2and niacin than urban residents(P<0.01).Except for vitamin E,the prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamins decreased withincreasing education levels.The prevalence of inadequate intake of these five vitamins washigher among participants with lower income levels than those with middle or high income(P<0.01).Participants with normal weight had a higher prevalence of inadequate intakeof vitamin E than those with overweight or obesity and had a higher prevalence ofinadequate intake of vitamin C than those with obesity.However,participants with normalweight had a higher prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamin E than those withoverweight or obesity,with the differences being statistically significant(P<0.01).Except for vitamin E,the prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamins decreased withincreasing physical activity intensity.CONCLUSION In 2015,the usual intake ofdietary vitamins of Chinese adults was low.There are differences in usual intakes ofvitamins and prevalence of inadequate vitamin intake for adults aged 18 years and above inmales and females,different age groups,urban and rural areas,education levels,household income levels,body mass index and physical activity intensity.