活力街区的改造模式和实施路径研究——以巴塞罗那“超级街区”计划为例

Research on the Renewal Model and Implementation Pathway of Vibrant Blocks:A Case Study of Barcelona’sªSuperblocksºPlan

机动车时代的城市街道普遍面临着居民活动空间缺失的问题,导致城市街区空间缺乏活力。在此背景下,巴塞罗那实施了以“让街道充满生机”为目标的“超级街区”更新计划,让街道回归为居民日常生活的空间载体,成为重塑街道活力的典型样本。本文以此为例探讨活力街区的改造模式及实施路径:首先,以超级街区计划的首批试点单元——波布雷诺街区单元的改造实验为例,分析其初期实施存在的四类普遍问题;其次,阐述超级街区计划在空间层级协同、道路体系重塑、节点空间改造和公众参与机制四个方面的优化模式;最后,以扩展区的圣安东尼等社区为例,详述其在宏观城市层面、中观社区层面和微观街区层面微观的实施路径。希望借此给我国的活力街区塑造实践带来启示。

In the era of motorized vehicles,urban streets commonly face the issue of insufficient space for residents’activities,resulting in a lack of vibrancy in city block spaces.Against this backdrop,Barcelona implemented the“Superblock”renewal plan with the goal of“revitalizing the streets”,transforming them into spaces for residents’daily lives and serving as a typical example of reshaping street vitality.This paper uses this case as an example to explore the transformation model and implementation path of vibrant blocks.Firstly,it takes the initial implementation of the“Superblock”plan in the pilot unit of Poblenou block as a case study,analyzing four common issues during its early stages.Secondly,it elucidates the optimized models of the“Superblock”plan in terms of spatial coordination,road system restructuring,node space transformation,and public participation mechanisms.Lastly,using examples like the expansion area of Sant Antoni,the paper details the microlevel implementation paths at the macro urban level,mid-level community level,and micro-level block level.It is hoped that this will provide inspiration for the practice of shaping vibrant blocks in China.