清顺治朝江南政策探赜

On Jiangnan Area’s Policy during Shunzhi Period of the Qing Dynasty

定鼎北京后,顺治帝对努尔哈赤、皇太极时期的对汉政策多有继承、发展,表现在江南地区,威压怀柔兼具是其总体特征。威压恫吓主要方式包括凸显民族文化、严禁讲学结社、镇压抗清运动、整肃思想秩序等;怀柔同化主要手段包括礼遇前朝帝王、尊崇儒家文化、开科招贤纳士、表彰殉难明臣等。通过上述治理政策的强力实施,清廷最终实现了对江南士人的分化,从而有效地控制了江南地区。

After the establishment of the capital in Beijing,the Emperor Shunzhi inherited and developed the policies about Han nationality during Nurhaci and Huangtaiji periods,which were manifested in Jiangnan area,with both menace and conciliation as its overall characteristics.The main methods of menace and intimidation included highlighting national culture,prohibiting lectures and associations,suppressing rebellion against the Qing Dynasty,and rectifying the order of thoughts.The main methods of conciliation and assimilation included treating former emperors with courtesy,respecting Confucian culture,electing talents through imperial examinations,and praising martyred officials.Through the strong implementation of the above-mentioned policies,the Qing government ultimately achieved the differentiation of scholars in Jiangnan area,and effectively controlled the Jiangnan area.