鸢尾属8个品种花粉生活力及柱头可授性比较分析

Analysis of Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Eight Iris germanica Cultivars

为探索鸢尾属不同品种的花粉生活力及柱头可授性,从而提高其杂交效率,本研究以鸢尾属中的8个德国鸢尾(Iris germanica)品种为试验材料,利用KI-I2、TTC、液体培养基萌发法检测不同鸢尾品种的花粉生活力,同时利用联苯胺-过氧化氢法对不同鸢尾品种的柱头可授性进行比较分析。KI-I2染色结果表明,8个鸢尾品种的花粉均被着色,其中‘荞麦’(Buckwheat)、‘康康’(French Cancan)、‘秋季马戏团’(Autumn Circus)和‘再次祝福’(Blessed Again)花粉活性较高,分别为95.4%、94.1%、93.9%和90.5%,其次为‘威廉姆森’(Williams)、‘金娃娃’(Gold Boy)、‘黑骑士’(Black Knight)和‘杰西之歌’(Jesse's Song),分别为86.9%、86.0%、83.1%、80.0%;0.5%、1.0%和2.0%TTC染色液均不能使鸢尾花粉着色;以黑骑士花粉为例筛选其最适液体培养基组合为K (140 g/L蔗糖+0.01 g/L硼酸);不同鸢尾品种花粉萌发率从高到低依次为‘康康’38.1%、‘荞麦’34.1%、‘杰西之歌’26.5%、‘威廉姆森’20.8%、‘秋季马戏团’17.9%、‘再次祝福’16.0%、‘黑骑士’15.2%和‘金娃娃’12.8%。柱头可授性研究结果表明,‘康康’、‘荞麦’、‘秋季马戏团’和‘杰西之歌’柱头可授性较高,其次为‘金娃娃’,而‘再次祝福’、‘威廉姆森’和‘黑骑士’柱头可授性较低。本研究为鸢尾杂交育种提供了科学的依据,有利于鸢尾新品种的培育。

For exploring the pollen viability and stigma receptivity of different Iris germanica cultivars to improve the efficiency of crossbreeding,eight Iris germanica varieties were used to study pollen viability by using KI-I 2,TTC,liquid medium method,meanwhile stigma receptivity were investigated by using the method of benzi-dine-hydrogen peroxide in this study.KI-I 2 staining results showed that the pollens of eight Iris varieties were col-ored,among which the pollens of'Buckwheat','French Cancan','Autumn Circus',and'Blessed Again'had higher pollen viability,which were 95.4%,94.1%,93.9%,and 90.5%,respectively,following by'Williams','Gold Boy','Black Knight'and'Jesse's Song',which were 86.9%,86.0%,83.1%and 80.0%,respectively.TTC staining results showed that the pollens of eight Iris varieties could not be stained by 0.5%,1.0%or 2.0%TTC solution.Taking'Black Knight'pollen as an example,the optimal liquid medium for the pollen germination was K medium(140 g/L sucrose+0.01 g/L boric acid).The results showed that the pollen germination rate from high to low was 38.1%for'French Cancan',34.1%for'Buckwheat',26.5%for'Jesse's Song',20.8%for'Williams',17.9%for'Autumn Cir-cus',16.0%for'Blessed Again',15.2%for'Black Knight'and 12.8%for'Gold Boy'.'French Cancan',Buckwheat','Autumn Circus'and'Jesse's Song'had higher stigma receptivity,followed by'Gold Boy',while'Blessed Again','Williams'and'Black Knight'had lower stigma receptivity.Our study provided very useful information for Iris ger-manica crossbreeding and reference for planting new Iris germanica cultivars.