三叶木通体胚发生的细胞学观察和生理生化差异

Histocytological Observation and Physiological-Biochemical Differences of Somatic Embryogenesis in Akebia trifoliate

本研究以三叶木通的非胚性愈伤组织、胚性愈伤组织、早期体胚、成熟体胚为材料,对三叶木通体胚发生过程进行组织细胞学观察和生理生化差异分析,结果表明,胚性细胞和非胚性细胞在细胞形态、排列及淀粉粒分布方面差异明显。三叶木通体细胞胚发生经历球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷胚、子叶胚四个时期,体胚发生为外起源方式。胚性愈伤中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量及抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性均高于非胚性愈伤,胚性愈伤的细胞活跃度及代谢程度高于非胚性愈伤。体胚发生过程中,可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量及CAT活性呈上升趋势,物质能量的积累大于消耗,为再生苗的萌发提供基础,而抗氧化酶SOD、POD活性呈下降趋势,其高活性有利于三叶木通体胚发生。

In this study,the non-embryogenic callus,embryogenic callus,early somatic embryos,and mature somatic embryos of A.trifoliate were used as materials to conduct histocytological observation and physiological and biochemical difference analysis of the whole embryogenesis of A.trifoliate.The results showed that embryonic and non-embryonic cells differed significantly in cell morphology,arrangement and starch granule distribution.Somatic embryogenesis of A.trilobata underwent four stages:globular embryogenesis,heart-shaped embryogenesis,torpedo embryogenesis and cotyledon embryogenesis,and it was observed that somatic embryogenesis was exogenous.The content of soluble protein,soluble sugar and antioxidant enzymes SOD,POD and CAT in embryogenic callus were higher than those of non-embryogenic callus.The cell activity and metabolism of em-bryogenic callus were higher than that of non-embryogenic callus.During the process of somatic embryogenesis,the content of soluble protein,soluble sugar and CAT activity showed an upward trend,and the accumulation of material energy was greater than the consumption,which provided the basis for the germination of regenerated seedlings,while the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and POD showed a downward trend,and its high activity was beneficial to somatic embryogenesis of A.trifolia.