复得感:喜剧理论一种

The Sense of Regain:A Theory of Comedy

使用比较文学、观众心理学、新历史主义、经典阐释学等方法,在对悲剧、喜剧演出及研究历史做了详尽的考证之后,提出了西方喜剧研究中一个至关重要的概念:复得感^(①)。这种感觉可以维护个体生命安全感。罗伯特·W.柯里根那篇影响极大的喜剧美学经典论文《生活的喜剧观》主要根据本文的论点而成。其论述原理是:在某些至关紧要的时刻,我们思想深处会对这个世界进行深沉的悲剧性思考,导致个体生命挺身反抗命运的不公而走向自我毁灭,从而失去这个世界和自己对于生命的安全感。而喜剧性思维则会中断这种思考,将我们拉回正常的日常生活,找回自己的生命的安全感,得以重生,并开始正常的生活。^(②)亚里士多德对悲剧做了系统讨论,而其对喜剧系统评论的缺失则导致了喜剧作家的谦逊;深刻的悲剧可以超越时代;喜剧只能限于当代大众生活,所以不得不谦逊;深刻的悲剧之自居过程衬托下的肤浅的喜剧之复得感功能的两个来源之一,辨认与部分认可的快感,部分应用有限尺度的人类真理的快感;在严肃深刻的悲剧中被毁灭的自我又在轻松平凡的喜剧中得以复活。

Using the methods of comparative literature,audience psychology,new historicism,classical hermeneutics and so on,based on a detailed research on the performance and research history of tragedy and comedy,this paper puts forward a crucial concept in the study of western comedy:the Sense of Regain.This feeling can maintain the security of individual life.Robert W.Corrigan's influential classic thesis on comedy aesthetics,"The Comic View of Life",is mainly based on this thesis.Its working principle is like this:at certain critical moments,deep in our minds,we will have deep tragic thoughts about the world,causing the individual to stand up against the injustice of fate and go to self-destruction,thus losing the world and our own sense of security of life.The comic point of life will interrupt this kind of thinking,pull us back to normal daily life,find us the security of our own life,cause us to be reborn,and start a normal life again.It is also found in this paper that:Firstly,Aristotle systematically y discussed tragedy,but his lack of systematic commentary on comedy led to the modesty of comedy writers.Secondly,profound tragedy can transcend time;Comedy can only be limited to contemporary popular life,so it has to be humble.Thirdly,one of the two sources of recovery function of superficial comedy under the background of the identification by the profound tragedy is the pleasure of recognition and partial recognition.Fourth,the second of two sources:The pleasure of partially applying a finite scale of human truth.Fifth,the self destroyed in serious and profound tragedy is revived in light and ordinary comedy。