阿尔都塞“保卫马克思”的理论叙事

Althusser’s Theoretical Narration of“Defending Marx”

“保卫马克思”是阿尔都塞理论初衷。阿尔都塞立足《资本论》研究,聚焦“意识形态”问题,采用征候阅读法来理论地保卫马克思,捍卫马克思思想关于社会历史构成的“科学逻辑”。阿尔都塞冲撞意识形态界限的努力把意识形态的隐匿性、封闭性、统治性显现出来,从而为穿过意识形态幻象提供了理论前提。阿尔都塞在意识形态维度探讨“个人消失”难题,是对马克思“个人被抽象统治”现代性问题的深入延展,但是阿尔都塞“意识形态精神分析”问题是从根本上错失了马克思的“解放逻辑”。阿尔都塞“保卫马克思”的成败启示我们要妥善处理形而上学批判和后形而上学希望的辩证关系,积极推进马克思主义经济哲学、政治哲学、文化哲学的当代建构。

“Defending Marx”was the original intention of Althusser’s theory.Based on the study of Das Kapital,Althusser’s thought focused on the issue of ideology and adopted the method of symptomatic reading to defend Marx theoretically.Althusser upheld the“scientific logic”inherent in Marx’s conception of social history.Althusser’s efforts to break through the boundaries of ideology revealed the concealment,closure,and hegemony of ideology,which provided a theoretical premise for passing through ideological illusions.Althusser’s exploration on the problem of“individual disappearance”in the ideological dimension is a deep extension of Marx’s modernity problem of“individual ruled by abstraction”,but the“problematic”of ideological psychoanalysis made Althusser miss Marx’s“liberation logic”fundamentally.The success or failure of Althusser’s“defending Marx”inspires us to deal with the dialectical relationship between metaphysical criticism and post-metaphysical hope properly,and promote the contemporary construction of Marxist economic philosophy,political philosophy and cultural philosophy actively.