工地扬尘化学防治技术研究进展

Research on Dust Prevention and Control Technology at Construction Sites

随着中国基础设施和城市化建设迅速发展,在施工过程中带来的扬尘污染日益增长,对工地扬尘采取防治措施十分必要,其中化学抑尘方法得到快速创新发展和应用。文章简要地介绍了中国扬尘来源、危害以及当前的主要防治方法,阐述了抑尘的启动和沉降过程,重点总结了湿润型、粘结型、凝聚型和复合型四类化学抑尘剂的作用机理、主要成分、新研究与工程应用,并分析了各类抑尘剂的优缺点。通过归纳总结化学抑尘剂的效果评价指标规范,探讨了化学抑尘法防治建筑工地扬尘存在的问题,提出化学抑尘剂的发展方向。

With the rapid development of infrastructure and urbanization construction in China,the dust pollution brought about in the construction process is increasing.It is necessary to take prevention and control measures for dust at construction sites,of which chemical dust suppression methods have been rapidly innovated and applied.This paper briefly introduces the dust sources,hazards and current main prevention and control methods in China.It elaborates the starting and settlement process of dust suppression,focuses on summarizing the mechanism,main components,new research and engineering applications of four types of chemical dust suppressants of wet type,bonding type,condensation type and composite type.The advantages and disadvantages of various types of dust suppressants are analyzed.By summarizing the evaluation index specifications of the effect of chemical dust suppressants,the problems of chemical dust suppression methods in preventing and controlling dust at construction sites are discussed,and the development direction of chemical dust suppressants is proposed.