宋元潮州对外贸易港口及海交史发微

A Study of Foreign Trade Ports in Chaozhou and Its Maritime History

处于东南沿海一隅的潮州在古代海上丝绸之路史上应占有一席之地。至迟在宋代,潮州不仅是国内尤其是东南地区一处重要港口,而且也是一个对外交通的据点。太平兴国五年(977),三佛齐国蕃商李甫诲乘舶到达潮州;至道二年(996),天竺僧随蕃舶至潮州。南澳作为对外贸易港口至迟始于北宋,南宋初年南澳岛长沙尾(即隆澳)既是“海贼啸聚”之区,同时存在一定规模的私商贸易行为。宋元时期,南澳最重要的港口是深澳与隆澳。南宋潮州又有柘林澳、吴田澳与赖巫洋诸港口。宋元潮州的海外贸易活动,无疑为明清以来该地海外贸易的兴盛奠定了基础。

Chaozhou,located in the southeast coast of China,should have a place in the history of the Ancient Maritime Silk Road.By the Song Dynasty at the latest,Chaozhou had been not only an important port,especially in the southeast region,but also a stronghold for overseas transportation.In the 5th year of the Taiping Xingguo reign of Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty(977),Li Fuhui,a merchant from Srivijaya arrived in Chaozhou by boat.In the 2nd year of Zhidao(996),a Buddhist monk from Tianzhu(India)accompanied the foreign fleets to Chaozhou.Nan’ao Island had been used as a harbor for overseas trade since the Northern Song Dynasty at the latest.In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty,Changshawei(i.e.Long’ao)on Nan’ao Island was not only an area where pirates gathered,it also witnessed a considerable scale of private trade activities.During the Song and Yuan dynasties,the most important ports on Nan’ao Island were Shen’ao and Long’ao.During the Southern Song Dynasty,Chaozhou also had ports such as Zhelin’ao,Wutian’ao and Laiwuyang.The overseas trade activities in Chaozhou during the Song and Yuan dynasties undoubtedly laid the foundation for the prosperity of overseas trade in the area since the Ming and Qing dynasties.