不同花椒种质的花粉生活力分析及人工授粉对坐果率的影响

Pollen Vitalization Analysis of Different Zanthoxylum Germplasms and Effect of Artificial Pollination on Fruit Setting Rate

对4个国内外花椒优良种质的雄株花粉生活力进行初步测定,并对6个不同种质花椒进行人工授粉,计算坐果率,了解不同种质间人工授粉对花椒坐果率的影响,探究授粉与花椒产量提升间的相关性,以期为椒农生产生活提供理论支持。以供试4个花椒种质的雄株花粉为试验材料,利用TTC染色法对不同条件及不同贮藏时间下花粉生活力进行测定。选取晴朗高温天气,随机选取6个供试种质雌株各100花序,记录花序中小花数量。坐果期记录果实数量,计算坐果率。结果表明,花粉生活力在不同品种间存在极显著差异(P≤0.01)。其中凤县花椒花粉生活力最低(2.03%),‘朝仓’花椒花粉生活力最高(55.98%)。花椒花粉最适贮藏温度为-80℃,且花椒花粉生活力随贮藏时间增加而逐渐下降。其中,凤县花椒耐贮性较差,‘朝仓’花椒耐贮性较好。对花椒进行授粉后发现,‘朝仓’花椒在未授粉时坐果率极低,坐果率提升最明显(80.43%)。在国内花椒中,凤县花椒坐果率提升较大(10.89%)。在花椒种间杂交试验中,‘朝仓’花椒花粉对其余品种花椒坐果率均存在抑制作用,国内花椒种质花粉对‘朝仓’花椒授粉时,‘朝仓’花椒不坐果。不同花椒种质的花粉生活力存在差异,但花椒属植物花粉生活力均处于较低水平。-80℃为花椒花粉最适贮藏温度,且花粉生活力随贮藏时间下降。花椒授粉后坐果率与花粉生活力关联性不显著,导致坐果率变化的具体原因仍需进一步分析。‘朝仓’花椒可能与国内花椒种质远缘不亲和,存在生殖隔离。

Taking the fruit setting rate as an assessment index,artificial pollination was conducted with 6 Zanthoxylum germplasms collected at home and abroad.Pollen vitalities of 4 excellent male species in 6 Zanthoxylum germplasms was preliminarily measured to understand the effect of artificial pollination between different germplasms on the fruit setting,and the correlation between pollination and the increase of the fruit yield to provide theoretical support for the Zanthoxylum production.The pollens of the male plants of 4 Zanthoxylum germplasms were used as test materials,and the pollen vitality was determined under different conditions and different storage time by using TTC staining method.In addition,100 inflorescences of each female plant of 6 germplasms were randomly selected in sunny and hot weather,and the number of florets in the inflorescences was recorded.The number of fruits was recorded during the fruiting period,and the fruiting rate was calculated.The results showed that there were highly significant differences in pollen vitality among different germplasms(P≤0.01).Z.bungeanum'Fengxian'was the lowest(2.03%),and'Chaocang'pollen was the highest(55.98%).The optimum storage temperature of Zanthoxylum pollen was-80℃,and the vitality of Zanthoxylum pollen gradually decreased with the increase of storage time.Z.bungeanum'Fengxian'had poorer storability,and'Chaocang'had better storability.It was found that'Chaocang'had a very low fruit setting rate when not pollinated,and the fruit setting rate increased most significantly after pollination(80.43%).Among the domestic Zanthoxylum varieties,'Fengxian'showed a greater increase in fruit setting(10.89%).In the interspecific hybridization experiment,'Chaocang'pollen showed inhibited effect on the fruit setting rate of the other varieties.No fruit setting was found when'Chaocang'was pollinated.It is concluded that there are differences in pollen vitality of different germplasms of Zanthoxylum,but the pollen vitality of Zanthoxylum plants is generally at low level.The optimal storage temperature for Zanthoxylum pollen was-80℃,and the pollen vitality decreased with storage time.The correlation between fruit setting rate and pollen vitality after pollination was not significant,and the specific reasons for the changes in fruit setting rate still need to be further analyzed.'Chaocang'may be distantly unrelated to domestic Zanthoxylum germplasms,and reproductive isolation exists.