基于移动窗口法的库尔勒市土地利用景观格局特征分析

Characteristics of Landscape Pattern of Land Use in Korla City Based on Moving Window Method

绿洲城市是干旱区人类生产和生活的中心,作为绿洲城市,库尔勒市人地关系同样敏感。了解土地利用景观格局的时空演变对于改善该区域的人地关系与生态安全、促进高质量发展具有重要意义。运用景观生态学原理,根据各类景观参数从景观水平与类别上分析库尔勒市土地利用景观格局并用地理探测器模型来分析驱动力。结果表明,1)未利用地依旧为景观的基质。2)景观类型的转移特征在景观面积与类型间的转换上有较显著的时空变化。3)PD、NP、DIV、SHDI和SHEI逐渐增加;CONTAG减少,城郊的破碎化程度均呈持续增大趋势,人类活动影响不断增强,城市化水平提高,库尔勒市处于高速发展时期。4)影响库尔勒市土地覆被/土地利用时空变化分异的主导影响因子是归一化植被指数(NDVI),其贡献率最高;在交互因子探测结果中,NDVI与降水量与气温共同作用时,呈现双因子增强,解释力最大。气温年平均变化与降水量在总体上处于波动上升的阶段,这对提升绿地林地面积以及进行进一步的生态修复都产生了积极的影响。景观破碎化格局的研究利于领会大城市快速成长阶段的景观格局变化规律,为城市生境保护,生态功能修复提供基础。

The oasis city is the center of human production and life in the arid area.As an oasis city,the man-land relationship in Korla City is equally sensitive.Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of land use landscape pattern is of great significance for improving the man-land relationship and ecological security in the region as well as promoting high-quality development.This paper used the principles of landscape ecology to analyze the land use landscape pattern of Korla City from the perspective of landscape level and category according to various landscape parameters.The geographic detector was adopted to analyze the driving forces.The results showed that 1)unused land was still the main body of the landscape.2)The transfer characteristics of landscape types were mainly reflected in the conversion between landscape area and types,and there were significant spatiotemporal and changes.3)Patch density(PD),number of patches(NP),Shannon s division index(SHDI)and Shannon s evenness index(SHEI)gradually increased;Contagion index(CONTAG)decreased,division index(DIV)increased,the degree of fragmentation between urban and suburban areas was increasing,the impact of human activities continued to increase,the level of urbanization increased,and Korla was in a period of rapid development.4)Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)was the dominant factor influencing the spatiotemporal variations,manifested by its highest contribution rate.According to the interactive factor detection results,when NDVI reacted with precipitation and temperature,it had stronger explanatory power.The annual average temperature change and precipitation were generally in a fluctuating and rising stage.The study of landscape fragmentation pattern is conducive to understanding the changing law of landscape pattern in the rapid growth stage of large cities,and provides a basis for urban habitat protection and ecological function restoration.