“三生”空间视角下苏南水网乡村景观生态风险评价——以石头潭片区为例

Ecological Risk Assessment of Rural Landscape of Southern Jiangsu Water Net from the Perspective of"Ecology-Production-Living"Space——A Case Study of Stone Pool Area

苏南水网乡村是新型城镇化建设的先行区,然而快速经济建设对“三生”空间景观格局造成较大干扰,引发的景观生态风险变化值得关注。研究以苏州市石头潭片区为例,选取1990、2000、2010、2020年4期土地利用数据,基于景观格局指数构建景观生态风险评价模型,定量分析研究区“三生”空间景观生态风险时空分异特征。结果表明,1)1990-2020年石头潭片区“三生”空间面积变化显著。生态空间面积稳步增加;农业生产空间面积逐年缩减;工业生产空间、城镇生活空间与农村生活空间扩张显著。“三生”空间类型转移以农业生产空间转向城镇生活空间与工业生产空间为主。2)研究区“三生”空间与景观生态风险存在关联性,高风险区主要分布于澄湖等水域生态空间,中风险区主要为沿湖荡分布的农业生产空间与农村生活空间,低风险区多为成片聚集分布的城镇生活空间与工业生产空间。1990-2020年石头潭片区景观生态风险等级不断上升,较高、高风险区面积逐步扩张,面积占比分别上升14.43%、7.50%。3)石头潭片区景观生态风险存在显著空间正相关性;生态风险指数空间分布以高-高与低-低聚集为主,空间分异特征明显。

The villages in Southern Jiangsu water net are the pioneer areas of new urbanization construction,but the rapid economic construction has caused great interference to the landscape pattern of"ecology-production-living"space(EPLS),and the changes in landscape ecological risks caused by them are worthy of attention.Taking Stone Pool area of Suzhou as an example,four-period land use data(1990,2000,2010 and 2020)were selected to construct a landscape ecological risk evaluation model based on the landscape pattern index,and the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of landscape ecological risk in EPLS in the study area were quantitatively analyzed.The results showed that 1)significant changes occurred in the spatial area of EPLS in Stone Pool area from 1990 to 2020.The area of ecological space increased steadily,the area of agricultural production space decreased year by year,and the industrial production space,urban living space and rural living space expanded significantly.The transfer types of EPLS mainly occurred from agricultural production space to urban living space and industrial production space.2)There was a correlation between the EPLS and the landscape ecological risk in the study area,the high-risk area was mainly distributed in the ecological space of Chenghu Lake and other waters,the medium-risk area was mainly the agricultural production space and rural living space distributed around the lake,and the low-risk area was mostly urban living space and industrial production space distributed in clusters.From 1990 to 2020,the ecological risk level of landscape in Stone Pool area continued to rise,and the area of higher and high-risk areas gradually expanded,accounting for 14.43%and 7.50%,respectively.3)There was a significant spatial positive correlation in the landscape ecological risk in Stone Pool area;the spatial distribution of ecological risk index was mainly in high-high and low-low aggregation,and the spatial differentiation characteristics were obvious.