“亡秦必楚”叙事与《史记》公羊学表达

The Narration of“The One Overthrowing Qin Dynasty Must Be Chu”and the Expression of Gongyang School in Historical Records

反秦战争经过陈涉、项羽与刘邦三人的努力,最终在“怀王之约”的推动下胜利,此战争的胜利也验证了“亡秦必楚”预言的“真实性”。汉兴之后,在董仲舒、公孙弘等儒家学者的努力下,公羊学逐渐成为当时的主流学术思想。在董氏影响下,司马迁对“亡秦必楚”(“陈涉反秦”“刘项灭秦”等相关历史)的叙述,并非仅从史学角度考虑,而是在尽量尊重史实的基础上将公羊学“荣复仇”义理与“慎始审微”义理统摄于“大一统”义理之下,为西汉经学所建构的“汉得天统”这一政治哲学服务,至于《史记》体例则是这一经学内涵在其结构上的表现。

Through the efforts of Chen She,Xiang Yu and Liu Bang,the war against the Qin Dynasty was finally won under the promotion of the“pledge of the Huaiwang”,fulfilling the prophecy of“the one overthrowing Qin Dynasty must be Chu”meanwhile.After the establishment of the Han Dynasty,with the prominence of Confucian scholars such as Dong Zhongshu and Gong Sunhong,the ideas of Gongyang School gradually became the mainstream academic thought at that time.Under the influence of Dong Zhongshu,Sima Qian did not represent the historical events of“Chen’s anti-Qin War”and“Liu Bang and Xiang Yu’s anti-Qin War”from the historical perspective but integrate the academic theme of“honored revenge”and“valued prudence in matters”in the grand theme of“grand unity system”on the basis of conforming to historical facts,with an aim to serve the political philosophy of“providence approving the Han dynasty”constructed by Confucian scholars in Han Dynasty,and as for the writing style of Historical Records,it is the expression of the certain political philosophy in its structure.