政策性小额信贷促进脱贫户增收了吗--基于脱贫户抽样入户调查数据的PSM分析

Has Policy-Based Micro-Credit Increased the Income of the Households Just Lifted out of Poverty: A PSM Analysis Based on Survey Data of the Households Sampled

政策性小额信贷是助力和巩固脱贫攻坚的重要信贷工具。在梳理已有文献的基础上,分析了政策性小额信贷对脱贫户收入的作用机理;进而,基于贫困县脱贫户抽样入户调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配法(Propensity Score Matching,PSM),实证分析了政策性小额信贷对脱贫户的增收作用。作用机理分析结果表明,政策性小额信贷可以提高脱贫户的生产活力,满足脱贫人口创业所需的资金需求,通过激励约束作用,增强脱贫户收入增长的内生动力,进而创造和拓展脱贫户的收入来源。实证分析结果显示,政策性小额信贷有效地促进了脱贫户增收,脱贫户所在村属性、户主年龄、扶贫就业项目和产业带动等是影响脱贫户获得政策性小额贷款的重要因素。平衡性检验结果表明,处理组和控制组的特征变量经过匹配后均无显著差异,证明了政策性小额信贷增收作用的稳健性。

Policy-based micro-credit is an important credit tool to help and consolidate poverty alleviation.On the basis of reviewing the literature,this paper analyzes the influence mechanism of policy-based micro-credit on the income of the households just lifted out of poverty.Then,based on the survey data of the households out of poverty sampled in poverty-stricken counties,the propensity score matching method(Propensity Score Matching,PSM)is used to empirically analyze the effect of policy-based micro-credit on the income of the households.The analysis of the mechanism shows that policy-based micro-credit can enhance the production vitality of the households,meet the financial needs of poverty-stricken people for establishing a business,and motivate them to increase income by incentives and restraints,thereby creating and expanding their income sources.The empirical results show that policy-based micro-credit has effectively increased the income of the households just lifted out of poverty.The village attributes of the households,the age of the household heads,poverty alleviation employment projects and industry drive are important factors influencing the access of the households to policy-based micro-credit.The results of the balance test show that there is no significant difference between the characteristic variables of the treatment group and the control group after matching,which proves the robustness of the policy-based micro-credit in increasing income.