塞外光影:归绥市1934年至1937年电影市场研究

Film beyond the Great Wall:Research on the Film Market in Guisui City from 1934 to 1937

近代以来,电影作为新兴的娱乐方式,在全国快速发展,边疆地区也不例外。归绥市(今内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市)地理位置偏远,经济发展相对滞后,电影市场起步较晚。1934年电影放映商业化起步后,至1937年日本侵略中国前,是归绥市电影市场的快速发展时期,电影放映总体具有管理松散、票价昂贵、环境杂乱等特点。电影院、报纸广告、意识形态影响,构成了归绥电影放映的物理承载、宣传、教育三重公共空间,呈现电影院数量由少到多、报纸广告由简到繁、意识形态管理由松散到严格的变化特点。与发达地区相比,归绥市电影市场虽然放映的影片数量不多,新上映的影片数量较少,市民的审美趣味和观影取向相对滞后,但是左翼电影和先进思想的传播并不迟滞,归绥市引入有声电影的时间也早于国内大多数城市,体现了20世纪30年代归绥市在近代化过程中“落后”与“先进”并存的时代特征,反映了经济发展、教育进步、文化氛围不断浓厚的生活图景。

Since the modern era,cinema as an emerging form of entertainment has rapidly developed nationwide,including in frontier regions.Guisui City(in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region),with its remote location and relatively backward economic development,saw a late start in its film market.From 1934,with the commencement of commercial film screenings,to the eve of Japan's invasion of China in 1937,Guisui City experienced a rapid development period in its film market.Film screenings were generally characterized by lax management,high ticket prices,and chaotic environments.Movie theaters,newspaper advertisements,and ideological influences constituted three public spaces for Guisui’s film screenings—physical support,publicity,and education—showing an increase in the number of cinemas,an evolution from simple to complex in newspaper advertising,and a tightening of ideological control.Compared with other developed regions,although the number of films shown and new releases in Guisui’s film market were limited and the citizens’aesthetic tastes and viewing preferences were relatively outdated,the dissemination of left-wing films and progressive ideas was not delayed.The introduction of sound films in Guisui was earlier than in most other Chinese cities,reflecting the coexistence of“backward”and“advanced”characteristics in the modernization process of Guisui City during the 1930s.It depicts a life scene of continuous economic development,educational progress,and an increasingly rich cultural atmosphere.