阿巴斯一世中央集权改革探析

An Exploration of Abbas I’s Centralization Reforms

萨法维王朝(1501—1736)在阿巴斯一世初期面临着严重的统治危机,对内政权世俗和宗教合法性受到质疑,对外外敌入侵王权受到严重威胁。面临内外交困的危机,阿巴斯一世采取了以加强中央集权为核心的改革,创建“格胡兰”军队,加强对军队的控制;改革行政体制,削弱地方势力;进行土地改革削弱部落经济基础;迁都伊斯法罕,重建王朝统治中心。涉及多层面的改革内容使萨法维王朝摆脱危机,对内成功遏制部落割据势力,重塑中央权威;对外成功收复失地,为王朝强盛奠定重要基础。阿巴斯一世的改革使萨法维王朝焕然一新,进入极盛时期,同时也对伊朗历史进程发展产生深远影响。

During the early reign of Abbas I,the Safavid Dynasty(1501—1736)encountered a severe governance crisis,with its internal secular and religious legitimacy being questioned and its sovereignty threatened by foreign invasions.Faced with crises both domestically and abroad,Abbas I initiated reforms centered on strengthening central authority,including the establishment of the“Ghulams”army to enhance military control;administrative reforms to weaken local powers;land reforms to undermine the economic foundation of tribal forces;and relocating the capital to Esfahan,thereby reconstructing the dynasty’s ruling center.These multifaceted reforms enabled the Safavid Dynasty to overcome its crises,effectively curbing the fragmentation of tribal powers internally and reshaping central authority.Externally,the reforms facilitated the successful recovery of lost territories,laying a crucial foundation for the dynasty’s prosperity.Abbas I’s reforms revitalized the Safavid Dynasty,ushering in a golden age,and exerted a profound impact on the historical trajectory of Iran.