公务员身份与亲社会偏好——来自实验室实验的证据

A Study of the Identity of Public Servant and Pro-social Preference Based on Experimental Data

公务员是为公民提供高质量公共服务的关键力量,其工作性质要求公务员具备较强的亲社会偏好。本文通过独裁者博奔实验、囚徒困境博奔实验、诚信测试等一系列经济学实验考察公务员是否具备更强的亲社会偏好,并探究公务员个体特征对亲社会偏好的影响。实验结果表明:公务员比大学生被试具有更强的亲社会偏好;女性公务员与男性公务员的亲社会偏好存在异质性,女性公务员和女性党员的年龄越大、任现职年限越长,亲社会偏好越强,而在男性公务员群体中则没有类似发现;公务员诚信水平越高,亲社会偏好越强。本文作为国内首个对公务员亲社会偏好进行探讨的实验研究,为提高公务员公共服务动机、提升公共服务的质量提供了新的研究视角。

Civil servants are the key force in providing high-quality public services to citizens,and the nature of their work requires them to have strong pro-social preferences.This article examines whether civil servants have stronger pro-social preferences through a series of economic experiments,such as the experiments of the dictator game,the prisoners'dilemma game,and the integrity test.It explores the impact of civil servants'individual characteristics on pro-social preferences.The result shows that civil servants have stronger pro-social preferences than college students.It also shows that there are differences between female civil servants and male civil servants in their pro-social preferences:the older the female civil servants and female party members are and the longer they have held their current position,the stronger their pro-social preference,yet similar result does not appear in the surveyed group of male civil servants.Moreover,the study finds that the higher the level of integrity of civil servants,the stronger the prosocial preference.As the first experimental study of this sort in China,this study is expected to help improve the motivation of civil servants in public service and the quality of public services.