父母因素对考试焦虑的影响

The Effects of Parental Factors on Test Anxiety

考试焦虑是一种情境特定性的特质焦虑,在面临大量考试情境的儿童和青少年中较为常见,考试焦虑的形成和发展受个体因素和环境因素的影响。父母作为对儿童和青少年最有影响力的社会环境因素,在考试焦虑形成中扮演着重要角色。父母行为和教养方式、父母对子女的学业期望、家庭功能及家庭社会经济地位等因素均可能参与儿童和青少年考试焦虑的形成。未来研究应从纵向发展和病因学视角探究父母对考试焦虑的作用机制,并聚焦于父母在考试焦虑的预防和干预中的作用。

Test anxiety,a situation-specific form of trait anxiety,is prevalent among children and adolescents who encounter numerous test-related scenarios.Its development and emergence in this population are influenced by individual and contextual factors.Among these,parents emerge as the most influential social contextual factor for children and adolescents,significantly shaping the genesis of test anxiety.Parental behavior and rearing patterns,parents'academic expectations,family functions,and family socioeconomic status may all contribute considerably to the development of test anxiety.Future research should continue to focus on exploring parents'impact on test anxiety by examining longitudinal development and etiology,while emphasizing the pivotal role of parents in preventing and intervening with test anxiety.