轻型马铃薯收获机分离升运装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Separation and Lift Device for Light Potato Harvester

针对西南丘陵山区马铃薯收获机械短缺、分离升运效果差等问题,设计了一种适宜丘陵山区黏重土壤的链式分离升运装置.通过对分离升运装置薯土分离过程中的力学、运动学、碰撞过程进行理论分析,确定了关键部件结构和工作参数.以机具前进速度、一级分离升运装置线速度、振动机构频率为试验因子,以明薯率、伤薯率作为试验评判标准进行田间试验,建立各评判标准与因子的回归数学模型,分析试验因子对试验评判标准的影响并进行参数优化.结果表明:机具前进速度为0.78 m/s、一级分离升运装置线速度为1.10 m/s、振动机构频率为4.50 Hz时,该收获机明薯率为98.4%,伤薯率为0.7%,理论值与试验值接近,满足马铃薯收获作业要求,优于国家行业标准.

Aiming at the shortage of potato harvesting machinery and poor separation and lift effect in hilly and mountainous areas of southwest China,a chain separation and lift device suitable for sticky soil in hilly and mountainous areas was designed.Through theoretical analysis of mechanics,kinematics and collision process of potato soil separation in the separation and lift device,the structure and working parameters of key components were determined.With the forward speed of the machine,the linear speed of the first stage separation and lift device and the frequency of the vibration mechanism as the test factors,the obvious rate and the damage rate as the test evaluation criteria,the regression mathematical model of the evaluation criteria and factors was established to analyze the influence of the test factors on the test evaluation criteria,and optimize the parameters.The results showed that when the forward speed of the machine was 0.78 m/s,the linear speed of the first stage separation and lift device was 1.10 m/s,and the frequency of the vibration mechanism was 4.50 Hz,the obvious rate of the harvester was 98.4%,and the damage rate was 0.7%.The theoretical value was close to the test value,which met the requirements of potato harvesting operation and was better than the national industry standard.