基于体外产气法的吉林省食用菌菌糠的营养价值评定

Evaluation of Nutritional Value of Fungus Bran in Jilin Province Based on in vitro Gas Production Method

【目的】本试验旨在通过体外产气试验和48 h瘤胃降解率试验对吉林省常见菌糠进行营养价值评定。【方法】试验采用单因素试验设计,以不同菌糠(榆黄蘑(Y1)、香菇(X1)、平菇(P)、木耳(M)、羊肚菌(Y2)、元蘑(Y3)、杏鲍菇(X2)、白玉菇(B))为发酵底物,根据产气量、产气参数、发酵参数和营养物质48 h瘤胃降解率等指标,结合隶属函数对菌糠营养价值进行综合分析。【结果】①在48 h发酵结束时,香菇菌糠产气量与白玉菇和平菇菌糠无显著差异(P>0.05),且显著高于其他菌糠(P<0.05)。②木耳菌糠和羊肚菌菌糠理论最大产气量显著低于其他组菌糠(P<0.05),各组菌糠产气速率差异不显著(P>0.05)。③香菇、榆黄蘑、白玉菇和平菇菌糠的氨态氮(NH 3-N)含量显著低于其他菌糠(P<0.05),香菇和平菇菌糠的总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)和乙酸含量显著高于其他菌糠(P<0.05),香菇菌糠的丙酸含量与平菇、元蘑、杏鲍菇菌糠无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著高于其他菌糠(P<0.05)。④香菇和平菇菌糠干物质48 h瘤胃降解率显著高于其他菌糠(P<0.05);平菇、杏鲍菇、白玉菇菌糠的粗蛋白质48 h瘤胃降解率与香菇菌糠无显著差异(P>0.05),显著高于其他菌糠(P<0.05);各菌糠的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的48 h瘤胃降解率数值均相对较低。⑤通过隶属函数分析结果可知,香菇菌糠的综合价值>平菇菌糠>白玉菇菌糠>杏鲍菇菌糠>榆黄蘑菌糠>元蘑菌糠>羊肚菌>木耳菌糠。【结论】吉林省各类菌糠体外产气的发酵效果存在显著差异,除木耳菌糠和羊肚菌糠综合评分较低外,其他菌糠均具有作为非常规饲料资源开发价值的潜力。

【Objective】The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the nutritional value of common fungus bran in Jilin province by in vitro gas production experiment and the ruminal degradation rate at 48 h experiment.【Method】The single factor experiment design was used,and different fungus bran(Pleurotus citrinopileatus(Y1),Lentinula edodes(X1),Pleurotus ostreatus(P),Auricularia auricula(M),Morchella esculenta(Y2),Hohenbuehelia serotina(Y3),Pleurotus eryngii(X2)and Pleurotus nebrodensis(B))were used as fermentation substrates.The nutritional value of fungus bran was comprehensively analyzed according to gas production,gas production parameters,fermentation parameters and the ruminal degradation rate of nutrient at 48 h,combined with membership function.【Result】①At the end of the 48 h fermentation,the gas production of Lentinula edodes fungus bran was not significantly different from Pleurotus nebrodensis and Pleurotus ostreatus fungus bran(P>0.05),and was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05).②The theoretical maximum gas production of Auricularia auricula and Morchella esculenta fungus bran was significantly lower than that of other fungus bran groups(P<0.05),the gas production rate of fungus bran was not significantly different among all groups(P>0.05).③The ammoniacal nitrogen(NH 3-N)contents of Lentinula edodes,Pleurotus citrinopileatus,Pleurotus nebrodensis and Pleurotus ostreatus fungus bran were significantly lower than the other groups(P<0.05),the total volatile fatty acids(TVFA)and acetic acid contents of Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus fungus bran were significantly higher than the other groups(P<0.05),the propionic acid content of Lentinula edodes fungus bran was not significantly different from that of Pleurotus ostreatus,Hohenbuehelia serotina and Pleurotus eryngii fungus bran(P>0.05),but was significantly higher than the other groups(P<0.05).④The ruminal degradation rates at 48 h of dry matter in Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus fungus bran were significantly higher than the other groups(P<0.05),the crude protein ruminal degradation rates at 48 h of Pleurotus ostreatus,Pleurotus eryngii,Pleurotus nebrodensis fungus bran were not significantly different from Lentinula edodes fungus bran(P>0.05),but were significantly higher than the other groups(P<0.05).The neutral detergent fiber ruminal degradation rate at 48 h and the acid detergent fiber ruminal degradation rate at 48 h of each fungus bran group was relatively low.⑤According to the analysis of membership function,the comprehensive value of Lentinula edodes fungus bran>Pleurotus ostreatus fungus bran>Pleurotus nebrodensis fungus bran>Pleurotus eryngii fungus bran>Pleurotus citrinopileatus fungus bran>Hohenbuehelia serotina fungus bran>Morchella esculenta fungus bran>Auricularia auricula fungus bran.【Conclusion】There were significant differences in the in vitro gas fermentation effects of various types of fungus bran in Jilin province.Except for the Auricularia auricula and Morchella esculenta fungus bran with low comprehensive scores,other fungus bran had the potential to be used as unconventional feed resources.