家禽骨骼肌肌纤维类型影响因素及其转化的研究进展

Research Progress on Influencing Factors and Transformation of Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types in Poultry

肌纤维是构成肌肉组织的基本单位。肌肉的肌纤维类型组成与肉品质密切相关,并可在机体生长发育、营养和饲养环境等外界刺激下发生变化。近年来,由于消费者和育种学家对肉品质的关注,家禽肌纤维类型及其转换规律已成为本领域的研究热点之一。随着组学研究技术的发展,转录组学、蛋白组学等技术已广泛应用于家禽肌纤维类型调控机理的研究,极大地推动了相关研究的进展。充分了解目前有关肌纤维类型转化的研究,是后续开展相关肉品质与调控机制研究的重要理论基础。在此背景下,作者介绍了肌纤维的结构组成及不同类型的分类方法,简述了肌纤维类型与家禽肌肉品质特征相关性状如肉色、pH、系水力和嫩度之间的关系,并总结了生长、品种、环境和饲养方式等因素对肌纤维类型的影响,重点讨论了现有的分子调控研究进展,旨在为家禽肌纤维类型转换机理的研究提供参考。最后,对未来优质肉鸡的育种方向提出了展望,希望随着现代分子生物技术的发展,单细胞/空间组学技术、基于CRISPR/Cas9系统的基因编辑技术等前沿技术能在肌纤维类型研究领域广泛运用,肌纤维类型转换的机制研究将不断完善,并建立家禽肉质性状的分子选育方法。

Muscle fibers are the basic units that form into muscle tissue.The muscle fiber types are closely related to meat quality,and commonly altered by external stimuli such as body growth and development,nutrition,and feeding environment.In recent years,studies on the formation and conversion patterns of poultry muscle fiber types have become the hotpot due to the attention given by consumers and breeders to meat quality.In addition,with the development of omics research technology,transcriptomics,proteomics and other technologies have been widely applied in the regulatory mechanism study of poultry muscle fiber types,which has greatly promoted relevant research progress.To fully understand the current research on muscle fiber type transformation is an important theoretical basis for the subsequent research on related meat quality and regulatory mechanism.The author introduces the composition of muscle fiber and the classification methods of different types of poultry muscle fiber.Additionally,the associations between the muscle fiber type and poultry different meat qualities such as color,pH,water binding capacity and tenderness traits are briefly described.This paper also summarizes the effects of growth,breed,environment,and feeding procedures on muscle fiber type,and focuses on the existing advances in molecular regulation studies,aiming to provide basic theoretical support and reference for future research.Finally,the future breeding direction of high-quality broilers is proposed.It is hoped that with the development of modern molecular biotechnology,cutting-edge technologies such as single cell/space omics technology,gene editing technology based on CRISPR/Cas9 system can be widely used in the field of muscle fiber type research,constantly improve the mechanism of muscle fiber type conversion and establish the molecular breeding method of meat quality traits in poultry.