母鸡肠道及生殖道微生物对孵化性能影响的研究进展

Research Progress on the Influence of Gut and Reproductive Tract Microorganisms on Hatchability in Hens

母鸡肠道和生殖道内定植着庞大而复杂的微生物群落,这些微生物群落的动态发展与宿主不同发育阶段密切相关,并对宿主的免疫功能、营养吸收、内分泌调节、繁殖与孵化过程以及蛋品质等方面起着重要作用。肠道和生殖道微生态平衡对母鸡的健康和繁殖性能至关重要,雏鸡在孵化过程中可能受母鸡传递的肠道和生殖道微生物影响。然而,目前母鸡肠道和生殖道微生物群落对繁殖与孵化影响的机理研究还不够深入和系统,作者主要介绍了母鸡肠道和生殖道不同阶段的优势微生物以及不同肠段的微生物群落定植规律,同时对肠道和生殖道微生物群落之间的关系、肠道和生殖道微生物对蛋品质的影响、微生物对繁殖孵化过程的影响、亲代与子代间微生物传播的途径、鸡胚不同发育阶段的微生物群落结构以及影响孵化过程的相关因素等方面进行阐述。旨在寻找调控繁殖过程、影响孵化率的母鸡核心微生物群落作为选留高孵化率种鸡的独特标签,为进一步探索禽类肠道和生殖道微生物的功能结构并为提高家禽生产和繁殖效率提供参考。

The gut and reproductive tracts of hens are colonized by vast and complex microbial communities.The dynamic processes of this microbiome development are closely associated with different developmental stages of the host,which play significant roles in the host’s immune function,nutrient absorption,endocrine regulation,reproduction and hatching processes,as well as egg quality.The balance of gut and reproductive tract microorganisms is crucial for the health and reproductive performance of hens,and chicks may be influenced by the gut and reproductive tract microorganisms transmitted by hens during hatching.However,the current research on the mechanism of the impact of gut and reproductive tract microorganisms on reproduction and hatching in hens is not yet in-depth and systematic.The author mainly introduces the dominant microorganisms in the gut and reproductive tracts of hens at different stages,as well as the colonization patterns of microorganisms in different segments of the gut and reproductive tracts.At the same time,the relationship between gut and reproductive tract microorganisms,and the impact of gut and reproductive tract microorganisms on egg quality are also discussed.And the impact of microorganisms on the reproductive and hatching process,the pathways of microbial transmission between parents and offspring,the microbial community structure at different developmental stages of chicken embryos,and the relevant factors affecting the hatching process are explained.The aim of this article is to identify the core microbial communities of hens that regulate the reproductive process and affect hatching rate as a unique identifier for selecting high hatching rate breeders,to gain a deeper understanding of the functional structure of gut and reproductive tract microorganisms in poultry and provide insights into improving poultry production and reproductive efficiency.