《理查三世》中的历史书写与国家认同

The historical writing and national identity in Richard Ⅲ

历史认同隶属于国家认同,是国家认同的基础和重要组成部分。《理查三世》中,莎士比亚通过历史书写的虚构与变形,将理查三世和里士满分别塑造成道德堕落、畸形驼背的反面人物和解救国家于邪恶统治的、光辉正义的国家君主,将历史传统和国家想象相结合,戏剧化地展现了王室家族之间的斗争和王权最终确立的过程,反映出历史书写是塑造人格国家和维护国家认同的重要手段。

Historical identity is the foundation and important component of national identity.In Richard III,Shakespeare employs the fictional and distorted historical writing to portray Richard III and Richmond respectively as the villains of moral decay and abnormal hunchback,and the glorious and just monarch who rescued the country from evil rule,which combines historical tradition with national imagination,dramatically portrays the struggle between royal families and the final establishment of royal power,reflecting that historical writing is an important means of shaping the character of the country and maintaining national identity.