N.K.杰米辛《破碎的地球》三部曲中的非洲未来女性主义书写

Afrofuturist feminism in N.K.Jemisin's The Broken Earth trilogy

《破碎的地球》三部曲(2015—2017)是当代非裔美国作家N. K.杰米辛三次荣获雨果奖的作品。三部曲讲述了世界末日背景下一群被压迫的后人类黑人女性领导同类拯救世界的故事,体现了近年来科幻研究领域出现的非洲未来女性主义思想。一方面,三部曲通过科幻形式和多元视角描绘后人类黑人遭受的结构性压迫和集体创伤,体现了对非裔族群历史的再认识和对帝国主义现代性的批判,建构了区别于殖民主义宏大叙事的小历史,亦即“非洲未来女性主义”思想中的“对抗性记忆/历史”。另一方面,三部曲把后人类黑人女性塑造成未来世界变革的主要力量,寄托了作者构建美丽新世界的乌托邦愿景,这与“非洲未来女性主义”思想中的“对抗性未来”不谋而合。杰米辛的三部曲呈现出一种非洲未来女性主义的典型审美特征。

The Broken Earth Trilogy(2015—2017)is the three-time Hugo award-winning work of contemporary African-American writer N.K.Jemisin.The trilogy tells the story of a group of oppressed posthuman black women leading their kind to save the world against the backdrop of the apocalypse,elaborating on the thought of Afrofuturist Feminism that emerges in the field of science fiction research in recent years.On one hand,the trilogy depicts the structural oppression and collective trauma suffered by the posthuman black subjects through the genre of science fiction and multiple perspectives.It shows a re-understanding of the history of African ethnic groups and criticizes the imperial modernity,which echoes with the idea of the“countermemories or counter-pasts”of Afrofuturist Feminism as it is also a petite historoire that is different from the grand narrative of colonialism.On the other hand,the trilogy portrays black women as the center agent of change in the future world.It entrusts the author’s utopian desire of building a beautiful new world,which coincides with the idea of“counter-futures”of Afrofuturist Feminism.Jemisin’s trilogy presents a typical aesthetic feature of Afrofuturist Feminism.