复杂环境下露天矿上山道路爆破方案研究

Research on Blasting Schemes for Uphill Roads in Open-pit Mines in Complex Environments

西峪露天矿上山道路沿线边坡高陡,周边存在高压线塔,环境复杂,环保要求高,需严格控制爆破振动、飞石等有害效应。为有效控制复杂环境下露天矿上山道路爆破动力效应,根据工程背景,设计了道路施工以爆破开挖为主、机械开挖为辅的施工方案;采用经验公式,分别计算确定了浅孔爆破参数及深孔爆破参数;采用萨道夫斯基公式等分别计算了不同孔深条件下的安全距离、爆破产生个别飞石的最大距离以及空气冲击波对人员安全距离;提出了爆破振动、爆破飞石以及爆破冲击波防控措施。结果表明,采用孔深不超过3 m的浅孔松动爆破,爆破振动、爆破飞石、冲击波对高压线塔的影响较小;当采用深孔松动爆破时,应当在距离高压线塔大于56m且爆区进行炮被覆盖的情况下进行。

The slopes along uphill roads of Xiyu open-pit mine are high and steep,and there are high-voltage line towers exist in the surrounding area.The environment is complex,and environmental protection requirements are high.It is necessary to strictly control harmful effects such as blasting vibration and flying stones.In order to effectively control the dynamic effects of blasting on the uphill roads of open-pit mines in complex environments,a construction scheme of road construction is designed accroding to the engineering background,with blasting excavation as the main method and mechanical excavation as the auxiliary;using empirical formulas,the parameters of shallow hole blasting and deep hole blasting are calculated and determined separately;the safety distance under different hole depths conditions,the maximum distance of individual flying stones generated by blasting,and the safety distance of air shock waves to personnel are calculated repectively using the Sadovsky formula and other methods;proposed measures to prevent and control blasting vibration,blasting flying stones,and blasting shock waves.The results show that using shallow hole loosening blasting with a depth of no more than 3 m,the impact of blasting vibration,blasting flying stones,and shock waves on the high-voltage line tower is relatively small;when using deep hole loosening blasting,it should be carried out under the condition that the distance from the high-voltage line tower is greater than 56 m and the blasting area is covered by cannon.