面向资源转化的中国传统村落分类振兴研究——基于“人-业-位”要素视角

Classification and revitalization of Chinese traditional villages based on resource transformation:A perspective of"people-industry-location"elements

不同于一般村落,传统村落兼具社区、遗产和资源三重属性,资源属性的转化在其振兴中发挥着纽带作用。面向资源转化,选取4221个国家级传统村落为研究样本,开展传统村落分类振兴的理论和实证研究。结果表明:1)传统村落资源转化的核心要素是人口、产业和区位,其中“人”是主体、“业”是基础、“位”是条件,三者缺一不可。2)传统村落按单要素的优劣性分为人口空心村与实心村、产业一般村与示范村、区位不优村与优势村,按三要素的完备性分为4类8型。3)传统村落难以村村同等、同样、同步振兴,仅1.09%的村落三要素俱全,46.88%的村落三要素俱缺;只有约5%的村落有优势主导产业,近70%的村落人口空心化,超过2/3的村落缺乏区位优势。但有要素优势的村落分布更均衡,有利于形成以点带面的振兴格局。4)传统村落根据资源转化要素类型的不同,可相应采取转化示范、人口集聚、产业提升、区位改善、人口驱动、产业带动、区位拉动、资源保护等路径分类推进乡村振兴,并分4个梯队有序实现乡村振兴。

Different from ordinary villages,traditional villages have the triple attributes of community,heritage and resources,and the transformation of resource attributes plays an important role in their revitalization.Aiming at resource transformation,we select 4221 national traditional villages as research samples to carry out theoretical and empirical research on the classification and revitalization of traditional villages.The results show that:1)The core elements of the resource transformation of traditional village are population,industry and location,among which"people"is the main body,"industry"is the foundation,and"location"is the condition,and all above three are indispensable.2)According to the advantages and disadvantages of the single element,traditional villages are divided into population-hollow villages and population-solid villages,industrial general villages and demonstration villages,poor location villages and advantageous villages,and according to the completeness of the three elements,they are divided into 4 categories and 8 types.3)It is difficult for traditional villages to be equally,similarly and synchronously revitalized.Only 1.09%of the villages have all three elements,and 46.88%of the villages lack of all three elements,only about 5%of the villages have advantageous and dominant industry,population in nearly 70%of the villages are migrated,and more than 2/3 of the villages lack of location advantages.However,the distribution of villages with element advantages is more balanced,which is conducive to forming a revitalization pattern from point to area.4)According to the different types of resource transformation elements,traditional villages can take the paths of transformation demonstration,population agglomeration,industrial improvement,location improvement,population driven,industrial driven,location driven,and resource protection,to promote rural revitalization,and be divided into four echelons to realize rural revitalization in an orderly manner.