人工智能时代声音参照肖像权保护之适用研究——基于《民法典》第1023条第2款的展开

esearch on the Application of Sound with Reference to the Protection of Portrait Rights in the Era of Artificial Intelligence——Based on Paragraph 2 of Article 1023 of the Civil Code

《民法典》第1023条第2款规定对自然人声音的保护参照适用肖像权保护,从法教义学及人格权本身的角度理解,法条中的“声音”应指声音权益,而非声音权。声音与肖像同具备标表型人格权特征,与肖像一样具备基于人本身而产生的唯一可识别性特征,参照肖像权保护具备正当性。声音参照适用肖像权保护的前提是为可识别性,在声音参照肖像权保护的同时也应注意声音的特殊保护方式。具体参照规则为:声音的制作、使用和公开参照肖像权保护;行为人不得“丑化”“污损”或者利用信息技术手段伪造声音;行为人不得混淆模仿他人声音;声音参照肖像权的合理使用规则;声音参照肖像权的许可使用规则及声音参照保护的二次参引规则。

Paragraph 2 of Article 1023 of the Civil Code stipulates that the protection of the right of portrait shall be applicable to the protection of the voice of natural persons.From the perspective of law doctrine and the right of personality itself,the"sound"in the article shall refer to sound rights,rather than the right of sound.Voice and portrait have the same characteristics of standard phenotype personality right,and the same characteristics of unique recognition based on the person itself,and the protection of the right of portrait is legitimate.The premise of the protection of the right of sound reference is identifiability.We should pay attention to the special protection mode of voice.The specific reference rules are:the production,use of sound and public protection of portrait right;the actor shall not"defame","deface"or forge the sound using information technology means;shall not imitate the sound of others;the reasonable reference rules of the image right and the secondary reference rules for sound reference protection.