以人才红利推进教育强国:老龄社会下的大学育人系统革新

Promote the Educational Power Through the Demographic Dividend:the Logic and Path of University Education Reform in the Aging Era

人口是教育的根基,教育影响人口再生产,二者相互制约、循环向前。2019年我国高等教育毛入学率超过50%,近年来继续上升。与此同时,老龄人口占比持续增加,高等教育普及化与人口结构老龄化不期而遇。随着人口出生率急剧下降,新生儿跌至高校招生人数以下规模,高等教育不仅会全面普及,而且将面对生源骤减、资源失配、结构失衡等严峻挑战。以“积极应对人口老龄化”和教育强国两大国家战略为导向,中国大学须反思当下育人系统的优绩主义陷阱,澄清从人口红利到人才红利的发展逻辑,明确新时代高等教育的价值旨归;进而构建多元立体的协同育人体制,创设科学长效的拔尖创新人才培育机制,构建动态融合的应用技能型人才培养模式,搭建终身发展的银龄人才学习平台,最终实现以人才红利建设教育强国的战略目标。

Population is the foundation of education,and education affects population reproduction.The two restrict each other and circulate forward.In 2019,the higher education gross enrollment rate exceeded 50%in China and has continued to rise in recent years.At the same time,the proportion of the elderly population continues to increase,and the popularization of higher education coincides with the aging of the population structure.As the birth rate drops sharply and newborns fall below the number of college enrollments,higher education will not only be entirely popularized,but will also face severe challenges such as a sudden drop in student sources,resource mismatch,and structural imbalance.Guided by the two national strategies of“actively responding to population aging”and strengthening the country through education,Chinese universities must reflect on the meritocracy trap of the current education system,clarify the development logic from demographic dividend to talent dividend,and clarify the value of higher education in the new era.Thus,it is essential to build a multi-dimensional collaborative education system,a scientific and long-term mechanism for cultivating top-notch innovative talents,a dynamically integrated application skills talent training model,and a lifelong development learning platform for siluer age talents.And ultimately,the strategic goal of building an educational power through talent dividends will be achieved.