“双一流”建设:从供给导向到需求导向

Double First-class Construction:from Supply Orientated to Demand Orientated

通过对两轮“双一流”建设在政策表述、遴选或认定规则、建设学科认定等方面的对比发现,相对首轮“双一流”建设以学科为基础的模式,第二轮“双一流”建设表现出从供给导向到需求导向的转变,更加强调服务国家急需。也就是说,第二轮“双一流”建设在保持首轮学科建设导向的基础上,突出强调新增学科以需求为导向和前提。政策导向的转变体现了高等教育政治论哲学基础和知识生产模式变革对学科建设的影响,也是服务国家对知识和人才的迫切需求以及顺应学科建设新形势的举措。在需求导向下,“双一流”建设需要把握好当前和长远、紧缺和“饱和”、基础和应用、单一和交叉、供给和需求、全局和局部的关系。在政策层面上,建议以需求为导向对“双一流”建设进行分类管理,重点加强紧缺的战略新兴学科建设;在高校层面上,建议以需求为导向推动学科建设和发展,大力支持基础学科和交叉学科建设,进一步完善学科优化调整机制,并加强学科与市场以及外部社会的连接。

Through a comparison of two rounds of double first-class construction in terms of policy formulation,selection or recognition rules,and recognized disciplines,it is found that compared with the discipline-based first round of double first-class construction,the second round shows a transformation from supply orientated to demand orientated,emphasizing more on serving the national urgent strategic needs.In other words,based on maintaining the orientation of the first round of discipline construction,the second round of double first-class construction highlights the demand-oriented and prerequisite for new disciplines.The change in policy orientation reflects the impact of changes in the philosophical foundation of higher education politics and knowledge production models on discipline construction.It is also a measure to serve the country's urgent need for knowledge and talent and to adapt to the new situation in discipline construction.Under the guidance of demand,the construction of"double first-class"needs to grasp the current and long-term relationship,shortage and saturation,foundation and application,single and interdisciplinary,supply and demand,and overall and local relationships.At the policy level,it is recommended to carry out classified management of the double first-class construction in a demand-oriented manner,focusing on strengthening the construction of strategic emerging disciplines that are in short supply.At the university level,it is recommended to promote the construction and development of disciplines in a demandoriented manner,and vigorously support basic disciplines and interdisciplinary subjects,further improve the mechanism for optimizing and adjusting disciplines,and strengthen external connections.