黑水虻生物堆肥处理鸡粪养分转化及气体排放规律研究

A study of nutrient transformation and gas emission during chicken manure biocomposting with black soldier fly

[目的]本研究旨在探究添加黑水虻幼虫对鸡粪堆肥养分含量、腐熟度及气体排放变化的影响,为推广黑水虻生物堆肥处理鸡粪提供科学依据。[方法]本研究设置了2个处理,新鲜鸡粪添加黑水虻幼虫(黑水虻处理组)与不添加黑水虻幼虫处理(对照组),比较不同堆肥处理理化性质变化、温室气体与氨气排放变化规律。[结果]黑水虻生物堆肥转化鸡粪料虫比为6.70,生物转化率为38.3%,物料鲜重减量率为66.0%,对照组物料的鲜重减重率仅为47.6%;在周期为12 d的试验中,黑水虻处理组CO_(2)累积排放量在前6 d低于对照组,后期CO_(2)累积排放量高于对照组,而CH_(4)排放量远低于对照组,黑水虻处理组与对照组均未检测到N_(2)O的明显排放,黑水虻处理组非CO_(2)全球增温潜势显著低于对照组,仅为对照组的7.09%;黑水虻处理组NH3累积排放量高于对照组。[结论]黑水虻能直接实现高湿物料鸡粪的减量化处理,并转化为有经济价值的虫体及虫粪,且温室气体的排放潜势显著低于对照组,是一种低碳高效高值的畜禽粪污处理模式。

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the addition of black soldier fly on the nutrient and maturity of materials and gas emissions changes of materials during the transformation of chicken manure,providing scientific basis for promoting the biological composting of chicken manure by the black soldier fly.[Methods]Two treatments were set up in this experiment,one treatment was fresh chicken manure added with black water fly larvae(BSF treatment)and the other treatment was without black water fly larvae(control),comparing the changes of physical and chemical properties,greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions between these two treatments.[Results]Feed insect ratio of chicken manure treated with black solider fly was 6.70,and the biotransformation rate was 38.3%,the fresh weight reduction rate of the material was 66.0%,but the fresh weight reduction rate of the control group material was only 47.6%.In the experiment with a period of 12 days,the accumulated CO_(2) emission of the BSF treatment group was lower than that of the control group in the first 6 days,then the accumulated CO_(2) emission was higher than that of the control group,but CH_(4) emission was far lower than that of the control group.In addition,no obvious N_(2)O emission was observed in both BSF treatment group and control group,and the non-CO_(2) global warming potential of BSF treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group,which was only 7.09% of that produced in control group.Meanwhile,its cumulative emission of ammonia was higher than that of the control group.[Conclusions]The black soldier fly could directly reduce the amount of high-moisture material chicken manure and transform it into economically valuable insect body and vermiculite sand,and its emission potential of greenhouse gas was significantly lower than that of the control group.So,biocomposting of chicken manure by the black soldier fly was a low carbon,high efficiency and high value livestock and poultry manure treatment mode.